Chemie der Cyborgs – zur Verknüpfung technischer Systeme mit Lebewesen

Die Bezeichnung “Cyborg” ist ein Akronym fur einen kybernetischen Organismus, der eine Chimare aus einem lebenden Organismus und einer Maschine beschreibt. Infolge der zahlreichen Anwendungen intrakorporaler medizinischer Systeme sind Cyborgs nicht mehr nur Gegenstand der Science-Fiction, sondern technisch gesehen tatsachlich bereits ein Teil unserer Gesellschaft. In diesem Aufsatz fassen wir die Entwicklungen bei modernen Prothesen und Schnittstellen zwischen Gehirn und Maschine (brain–machine interface; BMI) zusammen und diskutieren die jungsten Entwicklungen bei implantierbaren Systemen mit einem Fokus auf integrierter biokompatibler Elektronik und Mikrofluidik, die fur die Kommunikation und Kontrolle von Organismen benutzt werden. Wir beschreiben neueste Beispiele von Tier-Cyborgs und deren Relevanz fur die biomedizinische Grundlagen- und Anwendungsforschung sowie fur die Bioethik in diesem neuen und aufregenden Bereich an der Schnittstelle zwischen Chemie, Biomedizin und den Ingenieurwissenschaften.

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