Battery Lifetime Estimation and Optimization for Underwater Sensor Networks

AbstractAcoustic technology has been established as the exclusive technology that provides robust underwatercommunications for military and civilian applications. One particular civilian application of interest is thedeployment of underwater acoustic sensor networks. The main challenges of deploying such a network are thecost and the limited battery resources of individual sensor nodes. Here, we provide a method that addresses thesechallenges by estimating the battery lifetime and power cost of shallow water networks, in terms of four independentparameters: (1) internode distance; (2) transmission frequency; (3) frequency of data updates; and (4) number ofnodes per cluster. Because transmission loss in water is dependent on both frequency and distance, we extend thegeneral method to exploit topology-dependent distance and frequency assignments. We use the method to estimatethe battery life for tree, chain, and grid topologies for various combinations of internode distance, frequency andcluster size in a shallow water setting. The estimation results reveal that topology-dependent assignments prolongbattery life of the tier-independent method by a factor of 1.05 to 131 for large networks. In the case of a linearnetwork deployed along a coastline with a target battery life of 100 days, topology-dependent assignments couldincrease the network range and aggregated sensor data of the topology-independent method by a factor of 3.5.Index TermsWireless sensor networks, location-dependent and sensitive, general systems theory, distributed systems,clustering, network topology, network communications, wireless communication, distributed networks.

[1]  Nael B. Abu-Ghazaleh,et al.  Infrastructure tradeoffs for sensor networks , 2002, WSNA '02.

[2]  F. H. Fisher,et al.  Effect of High Pressure on Sound Absorption and Chemical Equilibrium , 1958 .

[3]  Marco Ajmone Marsan,et al.  Optimizing the topology of Bluetooth wireless personal area networks , 2002, Proceedings.Twenty-First Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies.

[4]  Konstantinos Kalpakis,et al.  MAXIMUM LIFETIME DATA GATHERING AND AGGREGATION IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS , 2002 .

[5]  H. W. Marsh,et al.  Sound Absorption in Sea Water , 1962 .

[6]  Archan Misra,et al.  MRPC: maximizing network lifetime for reliable routing in wireless environments , 2002, 2002 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference Record. WCNC 2002 (Cat. No.02TH8609).

[7]  Deborah Estrin,et al.  Geography-informed energy conservation for Ad Hoc routing , 2001, MobiCom '01.

[8]  Robert J. Urick,et al.  Principles of underwater sound , 1975 .

[9]  Milica Stojanovic,et al.  Recent advances in high-speed underwater acoustic communications , 1996 .

[10]  Deborah Estrin,et al.  An energy-efficient MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks , 2002, Proceedings.Twenty-First Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies.

[11]  P. T. Gough,et al.  A short history of synthetic aperture sonar , 1998, IGARSS '98. Sensing and Managing the Environment. 1998 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing. Symposium Proceedings. (Cat. No.98CH36174).

[12]  Craig A. Grimes,et al.  Design of a Wireless Sensor Network for Long-term, In-Situ Monitoring of an Aqueous Environment , 2002 .

[13]  Milica Stojanovic,et al.  Shallow water acoustic networks , 2001, IEEE Commun. Mag..

[14]  Symeon Papavassiliou,et al.  On the energy-efficient organization and the lifetime of multi-hop sensor networks , 2003, IEEE Communications Letters.

[15]  Cauligi S. Raghavendra,et al.  PEGASIS: Power-efficient gathering in sensor information systems , 2002, Proceedings, IEEE Aerospace Conference.

[16]  Graham R. Brookes,et al.  Visualizing Underwater Environments Using Multifrequency Sonar , 1999, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications.

[17]  S. Grant,et al.  Decadal and shorter period variability of surf zone water quality at Huntington Beach, California. , 2002, Environmental science & technology.

[18]  Anantha Chandrakasan,et al.  Upper bounds on the lifetime of sensor networks , 2001, ICC 2001. IEEE International Conference on Communications. Conference Record (Cat. No.01CH37240).

[19]  John Stanley,et al.  Applying Video Sensor Networks to Nearshore Environment Monitoring , 2003, IEEE Pervasive Comput..

[20]  Zhang Xinhua,et al.  An information model and method of feature fusion , 1998, ICSP '98. 1998 Fourth International Conference on Signal Processing (Cat. No.98TH8344).

[21]  N. Fruehauf,et al.  System design aspects of a steerable directional acoustic communications transducer for autonomous undersea systems , 2000, OCEANS 2000 MTS/IEEE Conference and Exhibition. Conference Proceedings (Cat. No.00CH37158).

[22]  Leandros Tassiulas,et al.  Energy conserving routing in wireless ad-hoc networks , 2000, Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM 2000. Conference on Computer Communications. Nineteenth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies (Cat. No.00CH37064).

[23]  Sujit Dey,et al.  Battery life estimation of mobile embedded systems , 2001, VLSI Design 2001. Fourteenth International Conference on VLSI Design.