A Cost-Minimisation Principle of Adaptation of Private Car Use in Response to Road Pricing Schemes

In this chapter, a theoretical framework is proposed with the aim of understanding reduction or changes in private car use in response to road pricing. It is argued that economic disincentives may activate car-use reduction or change goals in individuals and households. However, for car-use reduction or change goals to occur, other travel demand management measures are needed that make alternative travel options attractive. A review and classification of these other measures is provided followed by an assessment of their potential effectiveness.

[1]  Werner Rothengatter,et al.  How good is first best? Marginal cost and other pricing principles for user charging in transport , 2003 .

[2]  Paul Peeters,et al.  ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF A KILOMETRE CHARGE IN ROAD TRANSPORT: AN INVESTIGATION FOR THE NETHERLANDS , 2002 .

[3]  Tommy Gärling,et al.  HOUSEHOLD CHOICES OF CAR-USE REDUCTION MEASURES , 2000 .

[4]  B. Vilhelmson.  Daily mobility and the use of time for different activities. The case of Sweden , 1999 .

[5]  J. Averill.  Personal control over aversive stimuli and its relationship to stress. , 1973 .

[6]  Tommy Gärling,et al.  Reintroducing attitude theory in travel behavior research: The validity of an interactive interview procedure to predict car use , 1998 .

[7]  A. Downs,et al.  Stuck in Traffic , 1994 .

[8]  T. Gärling,et al.  Forecasting Psychological Consequences of Car Use Reduction: A Challenge to an Environmental Psychology of Transportation , 2002 .

[9]  Piet H. L. Bovy,et al.  Congestion in Europe: Measurements, patterns and policies , 2002 .

[10]  M Meadows,et al.  HELPING DRIVERS OUT OF THEIR CARS: INTEGRATING TRANSPORT POLICY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY FOR SUSTAINABLE CHANGE , 2000 .

[11]  T. Garling.  Theoretical Foundations of Travel Choice Modeling , 1998 .

[12]  Tommy Gärling,et al.  Structural equation modeling of determinants of planning. , 2002, Scandinavian journal of psychology.

[13]  Satoshi Fujii,et al.  TIME-USE DATA, ANALYSIS AND MODELING: TOWARD THE NEXT GENERATION OF TRANSPORTATION PLANNING METHODOLOGIES , 1997 .

[14]  Tommy Gärling,et al.  Computational-Process Modelling of Household Activity Scheduling , 1993 .

[15]  A. Root.  Can travel vouchers encourage more sustainable travel , 2001 .

[16]  F. Rajé,et al.  The impact of transport on social exclusion processes with specific emphasis on road user charging , 2003 .

[17]  David Banister,et al.  Critical pragmatism and congestion charging in London , 2003 .

[18]  G. Vigar.  The Politics of Mobility: Transport, the Environment, and Public Policy , 2002 .

[19]  Road Pricing: Policy and Options for the Future , 1995 .

[20]  Daniel B. Klein,et al.  Curb Rights: A Foundation for Free Enterprise in Urban Transit , 1997 .

[21]  Neil Thorpe,et al.  PUBLIC ATTITUDES TO TDM MEASURES: A COMPARATIVE STUDY , 2000 .

[22]  P. Todd,et al.  Simple Heuristics That Make Us Smart , 1999 .

[23]  Tommy Gärling,et al.  Application of attitude theory for improved predictive accuracy of stated preference methods in travel demand analysis , 2003 .

[24]  E. I. Pas.  THE URBAN TRANSPORTATION PLANNING PROCESS , 1986 .

[25]  Michael A. P. Taylor,et al.  Travelling smarter down under: policies for voluntary travel behaviour change in Australia , 2003 .

[26]  J. A. Rothengatter,et al.  Traffic and Transport Psychology , 1997 .

[27]  Daniel McFadden,et al.  Rationality for Economists , 1999 .

[28]  C.A.J. Vlek,et al.  The role of problem awareness in willingness-to-change car use and in evaluating relevant policy measures , 1997 .

[29]  William Samuelson,et al.  Status quo bias in decision making , 1988 .

[30]  Peter Jones,et al.  Recent advances in travel demand analysis , 1983 .

[31]  Ryuichi Kitamura,et al.  Application of an Activity-Based Travel-Demand Model Incorporating a Rule-Based Algorithm , 1998 .

[32]  Marlon G. Boarnet,et al.  The influence of land use on travel behavior: specification and estimation strategies , 2001 .

[33]  M. Mogridge,et al.  The self-defeating nature of urban road capacity policy: A review of theories, disputes and available evidence , 1997 .

[34]  H. Simon,et al.  Invariants of human behavior. , 1990, Annual review of psychology.

[35]  G. Schuitema.  Pricing policies in transport. , 2003 .

[36]  Daniel B. Klein,et al.  FREE TO CRUISE: CREATING CURB SPACE FOR JITNEYS , 1996 .

[37]  O. Johansson-Stenman,et al.  A Conceptual Analysis of the Impact of Travel Demand Management on Private Car Use , 2002 .

[38]  Goal Conflicts in Political Decisionmaking: A Survey of Municipality Politicians' Views of Road Pricing , 2003 .

[39]  J A Michon,et al.  Why we should and how we could decrease the use of motor vehicles in the near future , 1992 .

[40]  Lawrence A. Pervin,et al.  Goal concepts in personality and social psychology. , 1989 .

[41]  Peter Jones,et al.  Acceptability of Road User Charging: Meeting the Challenge , 2003 .

[42]  Eric J. Johnson,et al.  The adaptive decision maker , 1993 .

[43]  Tom Rye,et al.  Travel plans: do they work? , 2002 .

[44]  M. Boarnet,et al.  Can Land Use Policy Really Affect Travel Behavior? A Study of the Link between Non-Work Travel and Land Use Characteristics , 1996 .

[45]  P. Nijkamp,et al.  Is Congestion Pricing a First-Best Strategy in Transport Policy? A Critical Review of Arguments , 1995 .

[46]  T. Gärling,et al.  Car-user responses to travel demand management measures: goal setting and choice of adaptation alternatives , 2004 .

[47]  Ryuichi Kitamura,et al.  AN ACTIVITY-BASED MICROSIMULATION ANALYSIS OF TRANSPORTATION CONTROL MEASURES , 1997 .

[48]  K. Axhausen,et al.  Activity‐based approaches to travel analysis: conceptual frameworks, models, and research problems , 1992 .

[49]  P. Gollwitzer.  Goal Achievement: The Role of Intentions , 1993 .

[50]  Patrick Bonnel,et al.  The quality of survey data: Telephone versus face-to-face interviews , 1998 .

[51]  Robert Cervero,et al.  Built environments and mode choice: toward a normative framework , 2002 .

[52]  J. T. Austin,et al.  Goal constructs in psychology: Structure, process, and content. , 1996 .

[53]  Lars-Göran Mattsson,et al.  Road pricing: theory, empirical assessment and policy , 1995 .

[54]  Daniel Stokols,et al.  Objective and subjective dimensions of travel impedance as determinants of commuting stress , 1990, American journal of community psychology.

[55]  D. Hensher,et al.  Parking Demand and Responsiveness to Supply, Pricing and Location in the Sydney Central Business District , 2001 .

[56]  Peter Loukopoulos,et al.  Mapping the potential consequences of car-use reduction in urban areas , 2004 .

[57]  S. Chaiken,et al.  Attitude structure and function. , 1998 .

[58]  S. Fiske,et al.  The Handbook of Social Psychology , 1935 .

[59]  M. Meyer,et al.  Demand management as an element of transportation policy: using carrots and sticks to influence travel behavior , 1999 .

[60]  J. Schade,et al.  Acceptability of Transport Pricing Strategies , 2003 .

[61]  David A. Hensher,et al.  The Imbalance between Car and Public Transport Use in Urban Australia: Why Does it Exist? , 1998 .

[62]  Hani S. Mahmassani,et al.  Travel behavior research , 2000 .

[63]  B. Gleeson,et al.  Making Urban Transport Sustainable , 2003 .

[64]  M. Enoch,et al.  Encouraging the commercial sector to help employees to change their travel behaviour , 2003 .

[65]  Barbara Hayes-Roth,et al.  A Cognitive Model of Planning , 1979, Cogn. Sci..

[66]  Todd Litman,et al.  THE ONLINE TDM ENCYCLOPEDIA: MOBILITY MANAGEMENT INFORMATION GATEWAY , 2003 .

[67]  Foo Tuan Seik.  An advanced demand management instrument in urban transport , 2000 .

[68]  Eliahu Stern,et al.  Travel behaviour : spatial patterns, congestion and modelling , 2002 .

[69]  Henry L. Tosi.  A Theory of Goal Setting and Task Performance , 1991 .

[70]  Raymond W. Novaco,et al.  Home environmental consequences of commute travel impedance , 1990, American journal of community psychology.

[71]  James Odeck,et al.  Toll financing in Norway: The success, the failures and perspectives for the future , 2002 .

[72]  J. Klayman,et al.  Confirmation, Disconfirmation, and Informa-tion in Hypothesis Testing , 1987 .

[73]  E. A. Locke,et al.  Goal Setting: A Motivational Technique That Works! , 1984 .

[74]  R. Hogarth,et al.  Confidence in judgment: Persistence of the illusion of validity. , 1978 .

[75]  Tommy Gärling,et al.  The role of anticipated time pressure in activity scheduling , 1999 .

[76]  T Golob.  TRAVELBEHAVIOUR.COM: ACTIVITY APPROACHES TO MODELLING THE EFFECTS OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ON PERSONAL TRAVEL BEHAVIOUR. IN: TRAVEL BEHAVIOUR RESEARCH. THE LEADING EDGE , 2001 .

[77]  C. Carver,et al.  On the Self-Regulation of Behavior , 1998 .

[78]  M. Hansen,et al.  Road supply and traffic in California urban areas , 1997 .

[79]  Stephen Marshall,et al.  Mobility Management to Reduce Travel: The Case of Aalborg , 1999 .

[80]  K Maat,et al.  ENSCHEDE: MEASURES IN A PACKAGE , 1999 .

[81]  John W. Payne,et al.  The adaptive decision maker: Name index , 1993 .

[82]  Meni Koslowsky,et al.  Commuting Stress: Problems of Definition and Variable Identification , 1997 .

[83]  Phil. Goodwin.  The end of equilibrium , 1998 .

[84]  C. Carver,et al.  On the Self-Regulation of Behavior , 1998 .

[85]  Foo Tuan Seik.  A unique demand management instrument in urban transport: the vehicle quota system in Singapore , 1998 .

[86]  S. Fujii,et al.  TWO COMPUTATIONAL PROCESS MODELS OF ACTIVITY-TRAVEL CHOICE. , 1998 .

[87]  S. Hanson,et al.  The Geography Of Urban Transportation , 1986 .

[88]  Mark Goh,et al.  Congestion management and electronic road pricing in Singapore , 2002 .

[89]  Foo Tuan Seik.  AN EFFECTIVE DEMAND MANAGEMENT INSTRUMENT IN URBAN TRANSPORT: THE AREA LICENSING SCHEME IN SINGAPORE , 1997 .

[90]  R. Mendelsohn,et al.  The effectiveness of gasoline taxation to manage air pollution , 2001 .

[91]  S. Chaiken,et al.  The psychology of attitudes. , 1993 .

[92]  G. Rose,et al.  Travel blending: an Australian travel awareness initiative , 1997 .

[93]  Bryan Matthews,et al.  Research challenges in urban transport policy , 2003 .