A stochastic geometry approach to modeling time hopping based TDOA in 3D indoor localization

Indoor localization has greatly leveraged applications regarding to location based service (LBS), which witnesses ever-increasing impact on human life. Time difference of arrival (TDOA) is one of the most widely used technique for indoor localization because of its low complexity and high positioning accuracy. However, the strong multiple access interference (MAI) is a crucial issue that affects the accuracy of TDOA in indoor positioning, in order to mitigate interference, we incorporate time-hopping (TH) in TDOA technology, which can effectively reduce the interference at the transmitting side. Particularly, we propose an analytical model to evaluate the performance of the TH based TDOA in 3D indoor scenario by using the tool of stochastic geometry. 'rough the proposed model, we obtain some easy-to-use expressions for key performance metrics. The analytical results include the average interference, the success probability (i.e. the probability of a base station (BS) that can successfully participate in the localization procedure), and the number of effective serving BSs that has successfully participated in. In addition, some special cases are analyzed in detail, which reveals interesting insights. All the analytical results in this paper are validated through Monte Carlo simulations.

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