The transport of antiepileptic drugs by P-glycoprotein.

[1]  P. Kwan,et al.  In vitro transport profile of carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, eslicarbazepine acetate, and their active metabolites by human P‐glycoprotein , 2011, Epilepsia.

[2]  W. Löscher,et al.  Do ATP-binding cassette transporters cause pharmacoresistance in epilepsy? Problems and approaches in determining which antiepileptic drugs are affected. , 2011, Current pharmaceutical design.

[3]  Gary W. Mathern,et al.  Erratum: Definition of drug resistant epilepsy. Consensus proposal by the ad hoc task force of the ILAE commission on therapeutic strategies (Epilepsia (2010) 51 (1069-77)) , 2010 .

[4]  G. Böning,et al.  Imaging of P‐glycoprotein–mediated pharmacoresistance in the hippocampus: Proof‐of‐concept in a chronic rat model of temporal lobe epilepsy , 2010, Epilepsia.

[5]  A. Kaye,et al.  Association between temporal lobe P-glycoprotein expression and seizure recurrence after surgery for pharmacoresistant temporal lobe epilepsy , 2010, Neurobiology of Disease.

[6]  P. Kwan,et al.  In vitro concentration dependent transport of phenytoin and phenobarbital, but not ethosuximide, by human P-glycoprotein. , 2010, Life sciences.

[7]  J. H. Cross,et al.  Revised terminology and concepts for organization of seizures and epilepsies: Report of the ILAE Commission on Classification and Terminology, 2005–2009 , 2010, Epilepsia.

[8]  M. Niemi,et al.  Membrane transporters in drug development , 2010, Nature Reviews Drug Discovery.

[9]  G. Mathern,et al.  Definition of drug resistant epilepsy: Consensus proposal by the ad hoc Task Force of the ILAE Commission on Therapeutic Strategies , 2009, Epilepsia.

[10]  W. Löscher,et al.  The Antiepileptic Drug Topiramate is a Substrate for Human P-glycoprotein but Not Multidrug Resistance Proteins , 2009, Pharmaceutical Research.

[11]  Wolfgang Löscher,et al.  Several major antiepileptic drugs are substrates for human P-glycoprotein , 2008, Neuropharmacology.

[12]  Asako Nishimura,et al.  Evaluation of carbamazepine pharmacokinetic profiles in mice with kainic acid-induced acute seizures. , 2008, Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin.

[13]  Shiew-Mei Huang,et al.  A regulatory viewpoint on transporter-based drug interactions , 2008 .

[14]  Xiao-dong Liu,et al.  Effect of 21-day exposure of phenobarbital, carbamazepine and phenytoin on P-glycoprotein expression and activity in the rat brain , 2008, Journal of the Neurological Sciences.

[15]  F. H. Lopes da Silva,et al.  Development of tolerance to levetiracetam in rats with chronic epilepsy , 2008, Epilepsia.

[16]  S. Bates,et al.  P-Glycoprotein—a Clinical Target in Drug-Refractory Epilepsy? , 2008, Molecular Pharmacology.

[17]  V. Cardile,et al.  Induction of nuclear receptors and drug resistance in the brain microvascular endothelial cells treated with antiepileptic drugs. , 2008, Current neurovascular research.

[18]  Chih-Chuan Chen,et al.  Functional evaluation of polymorphisms in the human ABCB1 gene and the impact on clinical responses of antiepileptic drugs , 2008, Pharmacogenetics and genomics.

[19]  Xiao-dong Liu,et al.  Increased P-glycoprotein function and level after long-term exposure of four antiepileptic drugs to rat brain microvascular endothelial cells in vitro , 2008, Neuroscience Letters.

[20]  Xiao-dong Liu,et al.  P-glycoprotein-mediated efflux of phenobarbital at the blood-brain barrier evidence from transport experiments in vitro , 2008, Epilepsy Research.

[21]  Wolfgang Löscher,et al.  Drug resistance in epilepsy: Why is a simple explanation not enough? , 2007, Epilepsia.

[22]  K. Mealey,et al.  Assessment of antiepileptic drugs as substrates for canine P-glycoprotein. , 2007, American journal of veterinary research.

[23]  Xiao-dong Liu,et al.  Increased P-glycoprotein expression and decreased phenobarbital distribution in the brain of pentylenetetrazole-kindled rats , 2007, Neuropharmacology.

[24]  Adorjan Aszalos,et al.  Drug-drug interactions affected by the transporter protein, P-glycoprotein (ABCB1, MDR1) II. Clinical aspects. , 2007, Drug discovery today.

[25]  M. Iş,et al.  Expression and cellular distribution of multidrug resistance-related proteins in patients with focal cortical dysplasia , 2007, Seizure.

[26]  Alexander Hammers,et al.  Pharmacoresistance in Epilepsy : A Pilot PET Study with the P-Glycoprotein Substrate R-[ 11 C ] verapamil ∗ † , 2007 .

[27]  Kimura Yasuhisa,et al.  Mechanism of multidrug recognition by MDR1/ABCB1 , 2007 .

[28]  P. Kwan,et al.  Association between ABCB1 C3435T polymorphism and drug-resistant epilepsy in Han Chinese , 2007, Epilepsy & Behavior.

[29]  E. Aronica,et al.  Region-Specific Overexpression of P-glycoprotein at the Blood-Brain Barrier Affects Brain Uptake of Phenytoin in Epileptic Rats , 2007, Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics.

[30]  M. Pirmohamed,et al.  ABCB1 genotype and PGP expression, function and therapeutic drug response: a critical review and recommendations for future research , 2007, The Pharmacogenomics Journal.

[31]  W. Löscher,et al.  Upregulation of Brain Expression of P‐Glycoprotein in MRP2‐deficient TR‐ Rats Resembles Seizure‐induced Up‐regulation of This Drug Efflux Transporter in Normal Rats , 2007, Epilepsia.

[32]  Luca Cucullo,et al.  Development of a Humanized In Vitro Blood–Brain Barrier Model to Screen for Brain Penetration of Antiepileptic Drugs , 2007, Epilepsia.

[33]  W. Löscher Drug Transporters in the Epileptic Brain , 2007, Epilepsia.

[34]  X. Chang A molecular understanding of ATP-dependent solute transport by multidrug resistance-associated protein MRP1 , 2007, Cancer and Metastasis Reviews.

[35]  W. Löscher,et al.  Differences in the transport of the antiepileptic drugs phenytoin, levetiracetam and carbamazepine by human and mouse P-glycoprotein , 2007, Neuropharmacology.

[36]  Lippincott-Schwartz,et al.  Supporting Online Material Materials and Methods Som Text Figs. S1 to S8 Table S1 Movies S1 to S3 a " Silent " Polymorphism in the Mdr1 Gene Changes Substrate Specificity Corrected 30 November 2007; See Last Page , 2022 .

[37]  W. Löscher,et al.  Valproic Acid Is Not a Substrate for P-glycoprotein or Multidrug Resistance Proteins 1 and 2 in a Number of in Vitro and in Vivo Transport Assays , 2007, Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics.

[38]  A. Vezzani,et al.  Determinants of drug brain uptake in a rat model of seizure-associated malformations of cortical development , 2006, Neurobiology of Disease.

[39]  Wolfgang Löscher,et al.  The multidrug transporter hypothesis of drug resistance in epilepsy: Proof-of-principle in a rat model of temporal lobe epilepsy , 2006, Neurobiology of Disease.

[40]  M. Bialer,et al.  The antiepileptic and anticancer agent, valproic acid, induces P‐glycoprotein in human tumour cell lines and in rat liver , 2006, British journal of pharmacology.

[41]  Yuichi Sugiyama,et al.  Evaluation of in vivo P-glycoprotein function at the blood-brain barrier among MDR1 gene polymorphisms by using 11C-verapamil. , 2006, Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine.

[42]  W. Löscher,et al.  Comparison of Brain Extracellular Fluid, Brain Tissue, Cerebrospinal Fluid, and Serum Concentrations of Antiepileptic Drugs Measured Intraoperatively in Patients with Intractable Epilepsy , 2006, Epilepsia.

[43]  In-Wha Kim,et al.  The power of the pump: mechanisms of action of P-glycoprotein (ABCB1). , 2006, European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences.

[44]  E. Aronica,et al.  Inhibition of the Multidrug Transporter P‐Glycoprotein Improves Seizure Control in Phenytoin‐treated Chronic Epileptic Rats , 2006, Epilepsia.

[45]  Y. Yonekawa,et al.  Distribution and functional activity of P-glycoprotein and multidrug resistance-associated proteins in human brain microvascular endothelial cells in hippocampal sclerosis , 2006, Epilepsy Research.

[46]  M. Klein,et al.  Insight in eukaryotic ABC transporter function by mutation analysis , 2006, FEBS letters.

[47]  H. Stefan,et al.  Influence of Lamotrigine and Topiramate on MDR1 Expression in Difficult‐to‐Treat Temporal Lobe Epilepsy , 2006, Epilepsia.

[48]  A. Crowe,et al.  Limited P-glycoprotein mediated efflux for anti-epileptic drugs , 2006, Journal of drug targeting.

[49]  C. Baumgartner,et al.  A Pilot Study on Brain‐to‐Plasma Partition of 10,11‐Dyhydro‐10‐hydroxy‐5H‐dibenzo(b,f)azepine‐5‐carboxamide and MDR1 Brain Expression in Epilepsy Patients Not Responding to Oxcarbazepine , 2005, Epilepsia.

[50]  Ellen B. Wolpert,et al.  Evaluation of the role of P-glycoprotein in the uptake of paroxetine, clozapine, phenytoin and carbamazapine by bovine retinal endothelial cells , 2005, Neuropharmacology.

[51]  R. Sun,et al.  [Expression of multidrug resistance gene and topiramate affect expression of multidrug resistance gene in the hippocampus of spontaneous epileptic rats]. , 2005, Zhonghua er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of pediatrics.

[52]  Wolfgang Löscher,et al.  Drug resistance in brain diseases and the role of drug efflux transporters , 2005, Nature Reviews Neuroscience.

[53]  C. Baumgartner,et al.  Influence of functional haplotypes in the drug transporter gene ABCB1 on central nervous system drug distribution in humans , 2005, Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics.

[54]  W. Löscher,et al.  Multidrug resistance in epilepsy: rats with drug-resistant seizures exhibit enhanced brain expression of P-glycoprotein compared with rats with drug-responsive seizures. , 2005, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[55]  Dieter Schmidt,et al.  Drug Resistance in Epilepsy: Putative Neurobiologic and Clinical Mechanisms , 2005, Epilepsia.

[56]  P. Kwan,et al.  Potential Role of Drug Transporters in the Pathogenesis of Medically Intractable Epilepsy , 2005, Epilepsia.

[57]  W. Löscher,et al.  Neuronal expression of the drug efflux transporter P-glycoprotein in the rat hippocampus after limbic seizures , 2004, Neuroscience.

[58]  Xue-feng Wang,et al.  Antiepileptic drug-induced multidrug resistance P-glycoprotein overexpression in astrocytes cultured from rat brains. , 2004, Chinese medical journal.

[59]  A. Vezzani,et al.  Significance of MDR1 and multiple drug resistance in refractory human epileptic brain , 2004 .

[60]  Michael Zschiesche,et al.  Carbamazepine regulates intestinal P‐glycoprotein and multidrug resistance protein MRP2 and influences disposition of talinolol in humans , 2004, Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics.

[61]  W. Löscher,et al.  Pharmacoresistance and expression of multidrug transporter P-glycoprotein in kindled rats , 2004, Neuroreport.

[62]  E. Aronica,et al.  Selective and persistent upregulation of mdr1b mRNA and P-glycoprotein in the parahippocampal cortex of chronic epileptic rats , 2004, Epilepsy Research.

[63]  M. Nedergaard,et al.  The blood–brain barrier: an overview Structure, regulation, and clinical implications , 2004, Neurobiology of Disease.

[64]  J. Beijnen,et al.  Improved penetration of docetaxel into the brain by co-administration of inhibitors of P-glycoprotein. , 2004, European journal of cancer.

[65]  J. C. Baayen,et al.  Expression and Cellular Distribution of Multidrug Resistance–related Proteins in the Hippocampus of Patients with Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy , 2004, Epilepsia.

[66]  D. Begley,et al.  ABC transporters and the blood-brain barrier. , 2004, Current pharmaceutical design.

[67]  G. Sevlever,et al.  Multidrug resistance proteins in tuberous sclerosis and refractory epilepsy. , 2004, Pediatric neurology.

[68]  W. Löscher,et al.  Inhibition of multidrug transporters by verapamil or probenecid does not alter blood-brain barrier penetration of levetiracetam in rats , 2004, Epilepsy Research.

[69]  Chava Kimchi-Sarfaty,et al.  P-glycoprotein: from genomics to mechanism , 2003, Oncogene.

[70]  W. Haefeli,et al.  Interaction of Antiepileptic Drugs with Human P-Glycoprotein in Vitro , 2003, Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics.

[71]  Yuichi Sugiyama,et al.  Impact of Drug Transporter Studies on Drug Discovery and Development , 2003, Pharmacological Reviews.

[72]  Willem Boogerd,et al.  Increased penetration of paclitaxel into the brain by inhibition of P-Glycoprotein. , 2003, Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research.

[73]  E. Aronica,et al.  Expression and cellular distribution of multidrug transporter proteins in two major causes of medically intractable epilepsy: focal cortical dysplasia and glioneuronal tumors , 2003, Neuroscience.

[74]  H. Stefan,et al.  A Kindling Model of Pharmacoresistant Temporal Lobe Epilepsy in Sprague–Dawley Rats Induced by Coriaria Lactone and Its Possible Mechanism , 2003, Epilepsia.

[75]  Stephen A. Wring,et al.  Passive Permeability and P-Glycoprotein-Mediated Efflux Differentiate Central Nervous System (CNS) and Non-CNS Marketed Drugs , 2002, Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics.

[76]  Armin Buschauer,et al.  Transport of paclitaxel (Taxol) across the blood-brain barrier in vitro and in vivo. , 2002, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[77]  S. Moshé,et al.  Models for Epilepsy and Epileptogenesis: Report from the NIH Workshop, Bethesda, Maryland , 2002, Epilepsia.

[78]  Wolfgang Löscher,et al.  Transient increase of P-glycoprotein expression in endothelium and parenchyma of limbic brain regions in the kainate model of temporal lobe epilepsy , 2002, Epilepsy Research.

[79]  Graeme J. Sills,et al.  P-glycoprotein-mediated efflux of antiepileptic drugs: preliminary studies in mdr1a knockout mice , 2002, Epilepsy & Behavior.

[80]  W. Löscher,et al.  Lack of effects of prolonged treatment with phenobarbital or phenytoin on the expression of P-glycoprotein in various rat brain regions. , 2002, European journal of pharmacology.

[81]  W. Löscher,et al.  P-Glycoprotein-mediated efflux of phenobarbital, lamotrigine, and felbamate at the blood–brain barrier: evidence from microdialysis experiments in rats , 2002, Neuroscience Letters.

[82]  E. Aronica,et al.  Limbic Seizures Induce P-Glycoprotein in Rodent Brain: Functional Implications for Pharmacoresistance , 2002, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[83]  W. Löscher,et al.  Expression of the Multidrug Transporter P‐glycoprotein in Brain Capillary Endothelial Cells and Brain Parenchyma of Amygdala‐kindled Rats , 2002, Epilepsia.

[84]  R. Béliveau,et al.  Drug transport to the brain: key roles for the efflux pump P-glycoprotein in the blood-brain barrier. , 2002, Vascular pharmacology.

[85]  R. Bendayan,et al.  Functional expression and localization of P‐glycoprotein at the blood brain barrier , 2002, Microscopy research and technique.

[86]  Terry R Stouch,et al.  Progress in understanding the structure-activity relationships of P-glycoprotein. , 2002, Advanced drug delivery reviews.

[87]  M. Mayberg,et al.  Overexpression of Multiple Drug Resistance Genes in Endothelial Cells from Patients with Refractory Epilepsy , 2001, Epilepsia.

[88]  R. Bendayan,et al.  Drug transporters in the central nervous system: brain barriers and brain parenchyma considerations. , 2001, Pharmacological reviews.

[89]  W. Löscher,et al.  P-glycoprotein and multidrug resistance-associated protein are involved in the regulation of extracellular levels of the major antiepileptic drug carbamazepine in the brain , 2001, Neuroreport.

[90]  W. Löscher,et al.  In Vivo Evidence for P‐Glycoprotein–Mediated Transport of Phenytoin at the Blood–Brain Barrier of Rats , 2001, Epilepsia.

[91]  M. Pirmohamed,et al.  Carbamazepine is not a substrate for P-glycoprotein. , 2001, British journal of clinical pharmacology.

[92]  J. Hochman,et al.  In vitro substrate identification studies for p-glycoprotein-mediated transport: species difference and predictability of in vivo results. , 2001, The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics.

[93]  M. Thom,et al.  Multidrug-resistance protein 1 in focal cortical dysplasia , 2001, The Lancet.

[94]  S. Aiken,et al.  Treatment of epilepsy: existing therapies and future developments. , 2000, Frontiers in bioscience : a journal and virtual library.

[95]  Patrick Kwan,et al.  Epilepsy after the first drug fails: substitution or add-on? , 2000, Seizure.

[96]  S. Sisodiya,et al.  Over-expression of P-glycoprotein in malformations of cortical development. , 1999, Neuroreport.

[97]  A. Rabinowicz,et al.  Tuberous sclerosis associated with MDR1 gene expression and drug-resistant epilepsy. , 1999, Pediatric neurology.

[98]  Josemir W Sander,et al.  Classification of the Epilepsies: Time for a Change? , 1999, European Neurology.

[99]  G. Regesta,et al.  Clinical aspects and biological bases of drug-resistant epilepsies , 1999, Epilepsy Research.

[100]  D. Roden,et al.  The drug transporter P-glycoprotein limits oral absorption and brain entry of HIV-1 protease inhibitors. , 1998, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[101]  R. Béliveau,et al.  P-glycoprotein is strongly expressed in the luminal membranes of the endothelium of blood vessels in the brain. , 1997, The Biochemical journal.

[102]  K. Ueda,et al.  How does P-glycoprotein recognize its substrates? , 1997, Seminars in cancer biology.

[103]  A. Schinkel,et al.  The physiological function of drug-transporting P-glycoproteins. , 1997, Seminars in cancer biology.

[104]  P. Borst Introduction: multidrug resistant proteins , 1997 .

[105]  U. Bickel,et al.  Brain Microvascular and Astrocyte Localization of P‐Glycoprotein , 1997, Journal of neurochemistry.

[106]  A. Schinkel,et al.  P-glycoprotein in the blood-brain barrier of mice influences the brain penetration and pharmacological activity of many drugs. , 1996, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[107]  I. Roninson,et al.  Human (MDR1) and mouse (mdr1, mdr3) P-glycoproteins can be distinguished by their respective drug resistance profiles and sensitivity to modulators. , 1995, Biochemistry.

[108]  N. Barbaro,et al.  MDR1 Gene Expression in Brain of Patients with Medically Intractable Epilepsy , 1995, Epilepsia.

[109]  J. H. Beijnen,et al.  Disruption of the mouse mdr1a P-glycoprotein gene leads to a deficiency in the blood-brain barrier and to increased sensitivity to drugs , 1994, Cell.

[110]  W. Hauser,et al.  Incidence of Epilepsy and Unprovoked Seizures in Rochester, Minnesota: 1935–1984 , 1993, Epilepsia.

[111]  M. Melamed,et al.  Expression of the multidrug resistance gene product (P-glycoprotein) in human normal and tumor tissues. , 1990, The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry : official journal of the Histochemistry Society.

[112]  S. Shorvon Epidemiology, classification, natural history, and genetics of epilepsy , 1990, The Lancet.

[113]  P Delorme,et al.  An Easier, Reproducible, and Mass‐Production Method to Study the Blood–Brain Barrier In Vitro , 1990, Journal of neurochemistry.

[114]  I. Pastan,et al.  The multidrug transporter, a double-edged sword. , 1988, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[115]  T. Tsuruo,et al.  Tissue distribution of P-glycoprotein encoded by a multidrug-resistant gene as revealed by a monoclonal antibody, MRK 16. , 1988, Cancer research.

[116]  I. Roninson,et al.  Localization of the human multiple drug resistance gene, MDR1, to 7q21.1 , 1987, Human Genetics.

[117]  D. Housman,et al.  Mammalian multidrug resistance gene: Complete cDNA sequence indicates strong homology to bacterial transport proteins , 1986, Cell.

[118]  Michael M. Gottesman,et al.  Internal duplication and homology with bacterial transport proteins in the mdr1 (P-glycoprotein) gene from multidrug-resistant human cells , 1986, Cell.

[119]  R L Juliano,et al.  A surface glycoprotein modulating drug permeability in Chinese hamster ovary cell mutants. , 1976, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[120]  W. Pardridge,et al.  Blood-brain barrier delivery. , 2007, Drug discovery today.

[121]  S. Jóźwiak [Contemporary opinions on classification, pathogenesis and treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy]. , 2007, Wiadomosci lekarskie.

[122]  M. Hennessy,et al.  A primer on the mechanics of P-glycoprotein the multidrug transporter. , 2007, Pharmacological research.

[123]  Thomas J. Raub,et al.  P-glycoprotein recognition of substrates and circumvention through rational drug design. , 2006, Molecular pharmaceutics.

[124]  W. Hait,et al.  Pharmacologic circumvention of multidrug resistance , 2004, Cytotechnology.

[125]  M Thom,et al.  Drug resistance in epilepsy: expression of drug resistance proteins in common causes of refractory epilepsy. , 2002, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[126]  C. Avendaño,et al.  Inhibitors of multidrug resistance to antitumor agents (MDR). , 2002, Current medicinal chemistry.

[127]  B. McEwen,et al.  Neurotrophic and neuroprotective actions of estrogens and their therapeutic implications. , 2001, Annual review of pharmacology and toxicology.

[128]  A. Ghose,et al.  A knowledge-based approach in designing combinatorial or medicinal chemistry libraries for drug discovery. 1. A qualitative and quantitative characterization of known drug databases. , 1999, Journal of combinatorial chemistry.

[129]  J. Silverman Multidrug-resistance transporters. , 1999, Pharmaceutical biotechnology.

[130]  A. Seelig A general pattern for substrate recognition by P-glycoprotein. , 1998, European journal of biochemistry.

[131]  W. Hait,et al.  P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance: experimental and clinical strategies for its reversal. , 1996, Cancer treatment and research.

[132]  M. Melamed,et al.  Multidrug-resistance gene (P-glycoprotein) is expressed by endothelial cells at blood-brain barrier sites. , 1989, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[133]  I. Pastan,et al.  Expression of a multidrug-resistance gene in human tumors and tissues. , 1987, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.