Stable Orbits for a Simple Passive walker Experiencing Foot Slip

We present a method for calculating the derivative of the Poincaré return map for hybrid arcs and apply this technique to a simple model of bipedal walking with foot slip. It turns out that there is a trade off in terms of stability. The smaller the steps taken, the more robust the stability of the periodic orbit becomes. However, as the steps become larger the eigenvalues of the (derivative of the) Poincaré map become smaller, i.e. faster exponential stability to the periodic orbit. In addition to determining which parameters (one of which is the stride angle) result in the existence of a periodic orbit, we explore which initial conditions for a fixed set of parameters lead to periodic motion, that is we find the basin of attraction for the periodic orbits. We end this paper with a way to approximate the boundary of this set.

[1]  Bernard Espiau,et al.  Bifurcation and chaos in a simple passive bipedal gait , 1997, Proceedings of International Conference on Robotics and Automation.

[2]  Anthony M. Bloch,et al.  Stability of a Class of Coupled Hill's Equations and the Lorentz Oscillator Model , 2016, SIAM J. Appl. Dyn. Syst..

[3]  Ian R. Manchester,et al.  Regions of Attraction for Hybrid Limit Cycles of Walking Robots , 2010, ArXiv.

[4]  L. Perko Differential Equations and Dynamical Systems , 1991 .

[5]  Yizhai Zhang,et al.  A robotic bipedal model for human walking with slips , 2015, 2015 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA).

[6]  A. Ruina Nonholonomic stability aspects of piecewise holonomic systems , 1998 .

[7]  Andrew R. Teel,et al.  Lyapunov-based versus Poincaré map analysis of the rimless wheel , 2014, 53rd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control.

[8]  M. Coleman,et al.  The simplest walking model: stability, complexity, and scaling. , 1998, Journal of biomechanical engineering.

[9]  Leonardo Colombo,et al.  Poincaré-Bendixson Theorem for Hybrid Systems , 2018, Mathematical Control & Related Fields.

[10]  Anne E. Martin,et al.  Predicting human walking gaits with a simple planar model. , 2014, Journal of biomechanics.

[11]  D. Jordan,et al.  Nonlinear Ordinary Differential Equations: An Introduction for Scientists and Engineers , 1977 .

[12]  B. Maki,et al.  Are Activity‐Based Assessments of Balance and Gait in the Elderly Predictive of Risk of Falling and/or Type of Fall? , 1993, Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.

[13]  J. Grizzle,et al.  A Restricted Poincaré Map for Determining Exponentially Stable Periodic Orbits in Systems with Impulse Effects: Application to Bipedal Robots , 2005, Proceedings of the 44th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control.

[14]  W. Kliemann,et al.  Dynamical Systems and Linear Algebra , 2014 .

[15]  Tao Liu,et al.  Balance recovery control of human walking with foot slip , 2016, 2016 American Control Conference (ACC).