Three-dimensional nonlinear seismic analysis of concrete faced rockfill dams subjected to scattered P, SV, and SH waves considering the dam-foundation interaction effects

In this study, the nonlinear seismic analysis of a typical three-dimensional concrete faced rockfill dam is reported. Three components of the Loma Prieta (Gilroy 1 station) earthquake acceleration time history are used as input excitation. The dam under study is considered as if it were located in a prismatic canyon with a trapezoidal cross-section. A nonlinear model for the rockfill material is used, and contact elements with Coulomb friction law are utilized at the slab–rockfill interface. Vertical joints in the face slab are also considered in the finite element model. A substructure method, in which the unbounded soil is modelled by the scaled boundary finite element method (SBFEM), is used to obtain the scattered motion and interaction forces along the canyon. The dam is subjected to spatially variable P, SV, and SH waves, and the effect of dam–foundation interaction and the reservoir water effects are considered. The results are compared with the non-scattered input motion analysis. Results of the analyses indicate that due to applying the scattered motion to the canyon the response of the dam and concrete face slab significantly increases. The reservoir water pressure affects the tensile stresses induced in the face slab by reducing the uplift movement of the concrete panels. Large horizontal axial forces are induced in the face slab due to out-of-phase and out-of-plane motions of the abutments. Although the normal movements of vertical joints are reduced due to the reservoir water confinement, the opening movements are still significant, and the local failure of construction joints is inevitable.

[1]  G. Gazetas,et al.  Seismic analysis and design of rockfill dams: state-of-the-art* , 1992 .

[2]  Nasim Uddin.  A dynamic analysis procedure for concrete-faced rockfill dams subjected to strong seismic excitation , 1999 .

[3]  James L. Sherard,et al.  Concrete‐Face Rockfill Dam: I. Assessment , 1987 .

[4]  Raymond B. Seed,et al.  Seismic Design of Concrete Faced Rockfill Dams , 1985 .

[5]  M. Evans,et al.  SHEAR MODULUS AND DAMPING RELATIONSHIPS FOR GRAVELS , 1998 .

[6]  J. Wolf.  Soil-structure-interaction analysis in time domain , 1988 .

[7]  Xiong Zhang,et al.  Three-dimensional dynamic soil-structure interaction analysis in the time domain , 1999 .

[8]  Kemal Hacıefendioğlu.  Stochastic response of concrete faced rockfill dams including partially ice-covered reservoir–foundation interaction under spatially varying seismic waves , 2009 .

[9]  J. C. Simo,et al.  An augmented lagrangian treatment of contact problems involving friction , 1992 .

[10]  Serge Cescotto,et al.  Large strain dynamic analysis using solid and contact finite elements based on a mixed formulation; application to metal forming , 1994 .

[11]  M. Y. Özkan,et al.  Settlement behaviour of a concrete faced rock-fill dam , 2006 .

[12]  J. Wolf.  Dynamic soil-structure interaction , 1985 .

[13]  James L. Sherard,et al.  CONCRETE-FACE ROCKFILL DAM: II. DESIGN , 1987 .

[14]  Gilles Bureau,et al.  Seismic Analysis of Concrete Face Rockfill Dams , 1985 .

[15]  Nasim Uddin,et al.  Dynamic response of concrete-faced rockfill dams to strong seismic excitation , 1995 .

[16]  Murat Emre Kartal,et al.  Linear and nonlinear response of concrete slab on CFR dam during earthquake , 2010 .

[17]  Murat Emre Kartal,et al.  The effect of concrete slab–rockfill interface behavior on the earthquake performance of a CFR dam , 2011 .

[18]  F. Segovia,et al.  Three-dimensional joint elements applied to concrete-faced dams , 1995 .

[19]  I. M. Idriss,et al.  Moduli and Damping Factors for Dynamic Analyses of Cohesionless Soils , 1986 .

[20]  Murat Emre Kartal,et al.  Seismic failure probability of concrete slab on CFR dams with welded and friction contacts by response surface method , 2010 .

[21]  Alemdar Bayraktar,et al.  Asynchronous seismic analysis of concrete-faced rockfill dams including dam–reservoir interaction , 2005 .

[22]  A. Bayraktar,et al.  Stochastic dynamic response of dam–reservoir–foundation systems to spatially varying earthquake ground motions , 2009 .

[23]  A. Kiureghian.  A COHERENCY MODEL FOR SPATIALLY VARYING GROUND MOTIONS , 1996 .

[24]  Robin Fell,et al.  Rockfill Modulus and Settlement of Concrete Face Rockfill Dams , 2003 .

[25]  Nonuniform earthquake input for arch dam–foundation interaction , 1999 .

[26]  R. Harichandran,et al.  RESPONSE OF AN EARTH DAM TO SPATIALLY VARYING EARTHQUAKE GROUND MOTION , 2001 .

[27]  Mahmoud R. Maheri,et al.  ASYNCHRONOUS AND NON-UNIFORM SUPPORT EXCITATION ANALYSIS OF LARGE STRUCTURES , 2002 .

[28]  M. Trifunac.  Scattering of plane sh waves by a semi‐cylindrical canyon , 1972 .

[29]  D. V. Griffiths,et al.  Influence of Viscous Damping in the Dynamic Analysis of an Earth Dam Using Simple Constitutive Models , 1996 .