The Motion Coherence Theory

Tliere are a number of important phenom- ena in motion perception involving colicrcnce. Examples include motion capture and motion cooperativity. We propose a theoretical model, called the motion coherence tlieory, that gives a possible explanation for these effects (Yuille and Grzywacz, 1988a,b). In this framework, the aperture problem can also be thought of as a problem of coherence and given a similar explanation. We propose the concept of a velocity field dcfined everywhere in the image, even where there is no explicit motion information available. Through a cost function, tlie model imposes smoothness on the velocity field in a more general way than previous theories. In this paper, we provide a de- tailed theoretical analysis of the motion coherence theory. We discuss its relations with previous theories and show that some of t1ic.m arc approximations to it. A sccorid pa- per (Grzywacz, Smith, and Yuillc, 1088) provides exten- sions and cletnilcd comparisons to psychophysical plienom- cna. Tlic theory applies to both short-range and long- range motion. It places them in the same computational framework aiid provides a way to define interactions be- twcr:11 the two 1)roccsses.

[1]  J. Wheeler,et al.  Interaction with the Absorber as the Mechanism of Radiation , 1945 .

[2]  J. Wheeler,et al.  Classical Electrodynamics in Terms of Direct Interparticle Action , 1949 .

[3]  G. D. Lange,et al.  Apparent movement due to closely spaced sequentially flashed dots in the human peripheral field of vision. , 1971, Vision research.

[4]  O. Braddick.  A short-range process in apparent motion. , 1974, Vision research.

[5]  O J Braddick,et al.  Low-level and high-level processes in apparent motion. , 1980, Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences.

[6]  D Marr,et al.  Theory of edge detection , 1979, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological Sciences.

[7]  D Marr,et al.  Directional selectivity and its use in early visual processing , 1981, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological Sciences.

[8]  Berthold K. P. Horn,et al.  Determining Optical Flow , 1981, Other Conferences.

[9]  E. Adelson,et al.  Phenomenal coherence of moving visual patterns , 1982, Nature.

[10]  C. Baker,et al.  Does segregation of differently moving areas depend on relative or absolute displacement? , 1982, Vision Research.

[11]  V. Ramachandran,et al.  Displacement thresholds for coherent apparent motion in random dot-patterns , 1983, Vision Research.

[12]  V. S. Ramachandran,et al.  Extrapolation of motion path in human visual perception , 1983, Vision Research.

[13]  B. Julesz,et al.  Displacement limits for spatial frequency filtered random-dot cinematograms in apparent motion , 1983, Vision Research.

[14]  Marc Green,et al.  Inhibition and facilitation of apparent motion by real motion , 1983, Vision Research.

[15]  J. T. Petersik,et al.  Failure to find an absolute retinal limit of a putative short-range process in apparent motion , 1983, Vision Research.

[16]  K. Nakayama,et al.  Temporal and spatial characteristics of the upper displacement limit for motion in random dots , 1984, Vision Research.

[17]  J. van Santen,et al.  Temporal covariance model of human motion perception. , 1984, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics and image science.

[18]  Robert Sekuler,et al.  Coherent global motion percepts from stochastic local motions , 1984, Vision Research.

[19]  E H Adelson,et al.  Spatiotemporal energy models for the perception of motion. , 1985, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics and image science.

[20]  A J Ahumada,et al.  Model of human visual-motion sensing. , 1985, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics and image science.

[21]  R. Sekuler,et al.  Hysteresis in the perception of motion direction as evidence for neural cooperativity , 1986, Nature.

[22]  V. Ramachandran,et al.  Visual inertia in apparent motion , 1987, Vision Research.

[23]  D J Heeger,et al.  Model for the extraction of image flow. , 1987, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics and image science.

[24]  K. Nakayama,et al.  The aperture problem—I. Perception of nonrigidity and motion direction in translating sinusoidal lines , 1988, Vision Research.

[25]  N M Grzywacz,et al.  Massively parallel implementations of theories for apparent motion. , 1988, Spatial vision.

[26]  Norberto M. Grzywacz,et al.  A computational theory for the perception of coherent visual motion , 1988, Nature.

[27]  Jin Luo,et al.  Computing motion using analog and binary resistive networks , 1988, Computer.

[28]  R. M. Siegel,et al.  Perception of three-dimensional structure from motion in monkey and man , 1988, Nature.