Validation of spatial integrity constraints in city models

Several different models have been defined in literature for the definition of 3D city models, from CityGML [14] to Inspire [8]. Such models include a geometrical representation of features together with a semantical classification of them. The semantical characterization of objects encapsulates important meaning and relations which are defined only implicitly or through natural language, such as a window surface shall be contained in the building boundary. The problem of ensuring the coherence between geometric and semantic information is well known in literature. Many attempts exist which try to extent the OCL language in order to represent spatial constraints for an UML model. However, this approach requires a deep knowledge of the OCL language and the implementation of ad-hoc procedures for the validation of the defined constraints. The aim of this paper is the development of a set of templates for expressing spatial 3D constraints between features which does not require any particular knowledge of a formal language. Moreover, the constraints instantiated from these templates can be automatically translated into validation procedures.

[1]  Giuseppe Pelagatti,et al.  From the conceptual design of spatial constraints to their implementation in real systems , 2009, GIS.

[2]  Giuseppe Pelagatti,et al.  Modelling Spatial Whole-Part relationships using an ISO-TC211 conformant approach , 2006, Inf. Softw. Technol..

[3]  Thomas H. Kolbe,et al.  Spatio-semantic coherence in the integration of 3D city models , 2007 .

[4]  Heinrich Hußmann,et al.  OCL as a Specification Language for Business Rules in Database Applications , 2001, UML.

[5]  Lutz Plümer,et al.  How to achieve consistency for 3D city models , 2011, GeoInformatica.

[6]  Giuseppe Pelagatti,et al.  Spatial Integrity Constraints in 3D City Models: from Conceptual Definition to SQL Implementation , 2015 .

[7]  Lutz Plümer,et al.  CityGML – Interoperable semantic 3D city models , 2012 .

[8]  Volker Coors,et al.  Geometric-Semantical Consistency Validation of CityGML Models , 2013 .

[9]  Giuseppe Pelagatti,et al.  An ISO TC 211 Conformant Approach to Model Spatial Integrity Constraints in the Conceptual Design of Geographical Databases , 2006, ER.

[10]  François Pinet,et al.  Precise Modeling and Verification of Topological Integrity Constraints in Spatial Databases: From an Expressive Power Study to Code Generation Principles , 2005, ER.

[11]  D. Xu.  Design and Implementation of Constraints for 3D Spatial Database: Using Climate City Campus Database as an Example , 2011 .

[12]  Keith Ryden,et al.  OpenGIS ® Implementation Specification for Geographic information - Simple feature access - Part 1:Common architecture , 2005 .

[13]  M. Egenhofer,et al.  Point-Set Topological Spatial Relations , 2001 .

[14]  Karl-Heinz Häfele,et al.  OGC City Geography Markup Language (CityGML) Encoding Standard , 2012 .

[15]  Sinan Si Alhir.  The Object Constraint Language (OCL) , 2002 .