Dynamic Deformation Monitoring Based on Wireless Sensor Networks

processing SUMMARY As one of the most important technologies in the 21st century, the emergence of wireless sensor networks (WSN) has brought both opportunities and challenges for the development of deformation monitoring. Compared with traditional deformation monitoring techniques, deformation monitoring systems using a large number of low-cost sensor nodes, can get rid of cable shackles and achieve wireless, multi-hop and long-distance transmission of monitoring data, thus having advantages in automatic, continuous and real-time deformation monitoring. However, there still exist limitations of senor nodes in computing power, storage capacity and bandwidth. The present article reviews data acquisition and data processing techniques in deformation monitoring based on wireless sensor network. In terms of data acquisition, the paper focuses on the following issues: how to choose motes, sensors, and software systems to meet the needs of monitoring tasks; the influence of time jitters within and between nodes in data sampling and methods for time synchronization; the issue of data compression because of the large amount of data caused by high-frequency sampling; and the ways to deal with problems of data loss in the wireless transmission process due to environmental interference and other factors. For data processing, firstly the required data pre-processing techniques for acceleration monitoring data, such as static and dynamic tests, temperature calibration, and data de-noising are discussed. Then acceleration monitoring data analysis methods in time domain, frequency domain and modal domain are summarized. In time domain numerical integration is used to transfer acceleration to displacement. Power spectrum density function is calculated based on Fourier transform in frequency domain. As for modal domain, structural dynamics are utilized to identify the structure modal parameters such as natural frequencies, damping ratios and modal shapes.

[1]  Ramesh Govindan,et al.  Design of wireless sensor network based structural health monitoring systems , 2006 .

[2]  Mani B. Srivastava,et al.  A dynamic operating system for sensor nodes , 2005, MobiSys '05.

[3]  James Demmel,et al.  Health Monitoring of Civil Infrastructures Using Wireless Sensor Networks , 2007, 2007 6th International Symposium on Information Processing in Sensor Networks.

[4]  James Demmel,et al.  Wireless sensor networks for structural health monitoring , 2006, SenSys '06.

[5]  Wujiao Dai,et al.  An integrated GPS–accelerometer data processing technique for structural deformation monitoring , 2006 .

[6]  E.J. Candes,et al.  An Introduction To Compressive Sampling , 2008, IEEE Signal Processing Magazine.

[7]  Sukun Kim,et al.  Health Monitoring of Civil Infrastructures Using Wireless Sensor Networks , 2007, 2007 6th International Symposium on Information Processing in Sensor Networks.

[8]  Ramesh Govindan,et al.  Monitoring civil structures with a wireless sensor network , 2006, IEEE Internet Computing.

[9]  Billie F. Spencer,et al.  Autonomous decentralized structural health monitoring using smart sensors , 2009 .

[10]  Glauco Feltrin,et al.  Long-term monitoring of cable stays with a wireless sensor network , 2010 .

[11]  Philip Levis,et al.  The nesC language: a holistic approach to networked embedded systems , 2003, SIGP.

[12]  Michael W. Marcellin,et al.  JPEG2000 - image compression fundamentals, standards and practice , 2002, The Kluwer International Series in Engineering and Computer Science.

[13]  Sung-Han Sim,et al.  Issues in structural health monitoring employing smart sensors , 2007 .

[14]  Yan Yu,et al.  Compressive sampling–based data loss recovery for wireless sensor networks used in civil structural health monitoring , 2013 .

[15]  Han Ji,et al.  A Wireless Sensor Network‐Based Structural Health Monitoring System for Highway Bridges , 2013, Comput. Aided Civ. Infrastructure Eng..

[16]  Saurabh Ganeriwal,et al.  Timing-sync protocol for sensor networks , 2003, SenSys '03.

[17]  J. Elson,et al.  Fine-grained network time synchronization using reference broadcasts , 2002, OSDI '02.

[18]  David Gay,et al.  Software design patterns for TinyOS , 2005, LCTES '05.

[19]  Michele Zorzi,et al.  Sensing, Compression, and Recovery for WSNs: Sparse Signal Modeling and Monitoring Framework , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications.

[20]  Deborah Estrin,et al.  Proceedings of the 5th Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation Fine-grained Network Time Synchronization Using Reference Broadcasts , 2022 .

[21]  Jeff Rose,et al.  MANTIS OS: An Embedded Multithreaded Operating System for Wireless Micro Sensor Platforms , 2005, Mob. Networks Appl..

[22]  Ian F. Akyildiz,et al.  Wireless sensor networks: a survey , 2002, Comput. Networks.

[23]  James L Beck,et al.  Compressive sampling for accelerometer signals in structural health monitoring , 2011 .

[24]  Jerome Peter Lynch,et al.  An overview of wireless structural health monitoring for civil structures , 2007, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences.

[25]  Michael W. Marcellin,et al.  JPEG2000 - image compression fundamentals, standards and practice , 2013, The Kluwer international series in engineering and computer science.

[26]  Olga Saukh,et al.  A versatile software architecture for civil structure monitoring with wireless sensor networks , 2012 .

[27]  Suhel Dhanani,et al.  Image Compression Fundamentals , 2012 .

[28]  Gyula Simon,et al.  The flooding time synchronization protocol , 2004, SenSys '04.

[29]  Gul Agha,et al.  Flexible smart sensor framework for autonomous structural health monitoring , 2010 .

[30]  Shamim N. Pakzad,et al.  Development and deployment of large scale wireless sensor network on a long-span bridge , 2010 .

[31]  Antonio Ortega,et al.  Signal compression in wireless sensor networks , 2012, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences.

[32]  David E. Culler,et al.  Design and Implementation of Scalable Wireless Sensor Network for Structural Monitoring , 2008 .

[33]  Gul Agha,et al.  Structural health monitoring of a cable-stayed bridge using smart sensor technology: deployment and evaluation , 2010 .

[34]  Jr B. F. Spencer,et al.  Structural Health Monitoring Using Smart Sensors , 2007 .

[35]  Deborah Estrin,et al.  A wireless sensor network For structural monitoring , 2004, SenSys '04.

[36]  Adam Dunkels,et al.  Contiki - a lightweight and flexible operating system for tiny networked sensors , 2004, 29th Annual IEEE International Conference on Local Computer Networks.

[37]  David E. Culler,et al.  Software design patterns for TinyOS , 2007, TECS.

[38]  Tong Guo,et al.  Analysis and assessment of bridge health monitoring mass data—progress in research/development of “Structural Health Monitoring” , 2012 .

[39]  J. L. Wardlaw,et al.  Low-Power Circuits and Energy Harvesting for Structural Health Monitoring of Bridges , 2013, IEEE Sensors Journal.

[40]  David E. Culler,et al.  Wireless sensor networks for high fidelity sampling , 2007 .

[41]  Jeongyeup Paek,et al.  A wireless sensor network for structural health monitoring: performance and experience , 2005, The Second IEEE Workshop on Embedded Networked Sensors, 2005. EmNetS-II..

[42]  Yan Yu,et al.  Development and performance of wireless sensor network for structural health monitoring , 2004, SPIE Smart Structures and Materials + Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring.