Fuel substitution in agriculture

Abstract This paper discusses the present status and future prospects for potential fuel substitutes in agriculture, with emphasis on those derived from agricultural commodities and wastes. Production agriculture in developed countries is found to be heavily dependent upon high energy inputs for its productivity. The rural economy of many developing countries is characterized by increasing energy demand. Fuel for diesel engines is identified as a major direct energy input to agriculture. A range of renewable fuel options is presented and categorized according to appropriate applications. Vegetable oils, ethanol and biogas are considered in most detail. The major significance of non-technical constraints to the adoption of fuel substitutes is discussed and possible initiatives to stimulate substitution are presented.