Network-Constrained Joint Energy and Flexible Ramping Reserve Market Clearing of Power- and Heat-Based Energy Systems: A Two-Stage Hybrid IGDT–Stochastic Framework

This study proposes a new two-stage hybrid stochasticinformation gap-decision theory (IGDT) based on network-constrained unit commitment (NCUC) framework. The model is applied for the market-clearing of joint energy and flexible ramping reserve in integrated heat and powerbased energy systems. The uncertainties of load demands and wind power generation are studied using the Monte Carlo simulation method and IGDT, respectively. The proposed model considers both risk-averse and risk-seeker strategies, which enables the independent system operator (ISO) to provide flexible decisions in meeting system uncertainties in real-time dispatch. Moreover, the effect of feasible operating regions (FOR) of the combined heat and power (CHP) plants on energy and flexible ramping reserve market and operation cost of the system is investigated. The proposed model is implemented on a test system to verify the effectiveness of the introduced two-stage hybrid framework. The analysis of the obtained results demonstrates that the variation of heat demand is effective on power and flexible ramping reserve supplied by CHP units.