Production of superoxide anions by a CNS macrophage, the microglia

Microglia have been implicated in both physiological and pathological processes of the brain. Their possible roles have been compared to those of macrophages and granulocytes. Here we demonstrate the specific ability of microglia to secrete the superoxide radical ion in response to a complement activated agent, opsonized zymosan, and to phorbol myristate acetate. As in other organs, this endogenously produced reactive oxygen intermediate could have both beneficial and deleterious effects.

[1]  W. Triggs,et al.  In Vivo Lipid Peroxidation in Rat Brain Following Intracortical Fe2+ Injection , 1984, Journal of neurochemistry.

[2]  T. Pellmar.  Electrophysiological correlates of peroxide damage in guinea pig hippocampus in vitro , 1986, Brain Research.

[3]  E. Pick,et al.  Rapid microassays for the measurement of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production by macrophages in culture using an automatic enzyme immunoassay reader. , 1981, Journal of immunological methods.

[4]  E. Ling,et al.  Labelling of amoeboid microglial cells in rats of various ages following an intravenous injection of horseradish peroxidase. , 1986, Acta anatomica.

[5]  V. Perry,et al.  Immunohistochemical localization of macrophages and microglia in the adult and developing mouse brain , 1985, Neuroscience.

[6]  K. Gollahon,et al.  THE FAILURE OF MICROGLIA IN NORMAL BRAIN TO EXHIBIT MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE MARKERS , 1979, Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology.

[7]  M. Karnovsky,et al.  THF EARLY STAGES OF ABSORPTION OF INJECTED HORSERADISH PEROXIDASE IN THE PROXIMAL TUBULES OF MOUSE KIDNEY: ULTRASTRUCTURAL CYTOCHEMISTRY BY A NEW TECHNIQUE , 1966, The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry : official journal of the Histochemistry Society.

[8]  B. Halliwell,et al.  Oxygen radicals and the nervous system , 1985, Trends in Neurosciences.

[9]  H. Kontos.  George E. Brown memorial lecture. Oxygen radicals in cerebral vascular injury. , 1985, Circulation research.

[10]  T. Hamilton,et al.  The cell biology of macrophage activation. , 1984, Annual review of immunology.

[11]  E. Ling,et al.  Light and electron microscopic demonstration of non-specific esterase in amoeboid microglial cells in the corpus callosum in postnatal rats: a cytochemical link to monocytes. , 1982, Journal of anatomy.

[12]  O. H. Lowry,et al.  Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. , 1951, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[13]  R. J. A. Berry,et al.  Cytology and cellular pathology of the nervous system , 1932 .

[14]  B. Halliwell,et al.  Oxygen toxicity, oxygen radicals, transition metals and disease. , 1984, The Biochemical journal.

[15]  D. Giulian,et al.  Peptides released by ameboid microglia regulate astroglial proliferation , 1985, The Journal of cell biology.

[16]  M. Esiri,et al.  Comparison of methods to identify microglial cells and macrophages in the human central nervous system. , 1984, Journal of clinical pathology.

[17]  B. Babior.  Oxidants from phagocytes: agents of defense and destruction. , 1984, Blood.

[18]  P. Andrews,et al.  Measurement of O2- production by human neutrophils. The preparation and assay of NADPH oxidase-containing particles from human neutrophils. , 1984, Methods in enzymology.

[19]  R. Johnston.  [46] Measurement of O2− secreted by monocytes and macrophages , 1984 .

[20]  B. Halliwell.  Production of superoxide, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals by phagocytic cells: a cause of chronic inflammatory disease? , 1982, Cell biology international reports.

[21]  R. B. Fox.  Prevention of granulocyte-mediated oxidant lung injury in rats by a hydroxyl radical scavenger, dimethylthiourea. , 1984, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[22]  M. Raff,et al.  Cell-type-specific markers for distinguishing and studying neurons and the major classes of glial cells in culture , 1979, Brain Research.

[23]  R. Schelper,et al.  Monocytes Become Macrophages; They Do Not Become Microglia: A Light and Electron Microscopic Autoradiographic Study Using 125‐lododeoxyuridine , 1986, Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology.

[24]  J. T. Santinga,et al.  The subcellular particulate NADPH-dependent O2.(-)-generating oxidase from human blood monocytes: comparison to the neutrophil system. , 1982, Blood.

[25]  M. Halks-Miller,et al.  Alpha Tocopherol Decreases Lipid Peroxidation, Neuronal Necrosis, and Reactive Gliosis in Reaggregate Cultures of Fetal Rat Brain , 1986, Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology.

[26]  C. Li,et al.  ESTERASES IN HUMAN LEUKOCYTES , 1973, The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry : official journal of the Histochemistry Society.

[27]  D. Dewitt,et al.  Superoxide generation and reversal of acetylcholine-induced cerebral arteriolar dilation after acute hypertension. , 1985, Circulation research.

[28]  L. Hudson,et al.  Emergence of three myelin proteins in oligodendrocytes cultured without neurons , 1986, The Journal of cell biology.

[29]  C. Colton,et al.  Changes in synaptic transmission produced by hydrogen peroxide. , 1986, Journal of free radicals in biology & medicine.

[30]  R. Lazzarini,et al.  The timely expression of myelin basic protein gene in cultured rat brain oligodendrocytes is independent of continuous neuronal influences , 1985, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.