BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON DEGENERATIVE NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS: 1. ACUTE EXPERIMENTAL ENCEPHALITIS

—Weanling mice were either injected with viruses or fed cuprizone. Changes in total activity of two cathepsins and two β‐glycosidases were characteristic of each of the five acute encephalopathies studied. Comparisons made between morphological change and hydrolase activity shows that β‐galactosidase and cathepsin A may be useful indices of neuronal degeneration and cellular infiltration into white matter, respectively. β‐Glucuronidase appears to be a particularly sensitive index of cellular reactions to injury. Cathepsin D activity does not appear to reflect any one type of neural cell. Although the morphological changes included neuronal degeneration, perivascular cuffing with mononuclear cells, astrocytic hypertrophy and microgliosis none of the experimental conditions mimicked biochemical changes in multiple sclerosis or senile dementia. The measurement of lysosomal enzymes appears to be a more sensitive indication of acute neurological disorder than the screening of brain proteins by polyacrylamide gel clectrophoresisor the measurement of enzymes (acetylcholinesterase, DOPA decarboxylase and carbonic anhydrase) characteristic of neural cells.

[1]  D. Bowen,et al.  Molecular changes in senile dementia. , 1973, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[2]  G Venturini,et al.  ENZYMIC ACTIVITIES AND SODIUM, POTASSIUM AND COPPER CONCENTRATIONS IN MOUSE BRAIN AND LIVER AFTER CUPRIZONE TREATMENT IN VIVO , 1973, Journal of neurochemistry.

[3]  R. Kimberlin.  Subacute Spongiform Encephalopathies in Domestic and Laboratory Animals , 1973 .

[4]  H. E. Hirsch,et al.  THE QUANTITATIVE HISTOCHEMISTRY OF ACID PROTEINASE IN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM: LOCALIZATION IN NEURONS 1 , 1973, Journal of neurochemistry.

[5]  M. Cuzner,et al.  Changes in cerebral lysosomal enzyme activity and lipids in multiple sclerosis. , 1973, Journal of the neurological sciences.

[6]  I. Pattison,et al.  Clinical and histological recovery from the scrapie‐like spongiform encephalopathy produced in mice by feeding them with cuprizone , 1973, The Journal of pathology.

[7]  D. B. Tower,et al.  THE ACTIVITIES OF BUTYRYLCHOLINESTERASE AND CARBONIC ANHYDRASE, THE RATE OF ANAEROBIC GLYCOLYSTS, AND THE QUESTION OF A CONSTANT DENSITY OF GLIAL CELLS IN CEREBRAL CORTICES OF VARIOUS MAMMALIAN SPECIES FROM MOUSE TO WHALE , 1973, Journal of neurochemistry.

[8]  D. Bowen,et al.  Cathepsin A in human brain and spleen (Short Communication) , 1973 .

[9]  F. Murphy,et al.  Pathogenesis of Ross River virus infection in mice. I. Ependymal infection, cortical thinning, and hydrocephalus. , 1973, The Journal of infectious diseases.

[10]  L. Bountiff,et al.  GLYCOSIDASES IN NORMAL AND SCRAPIE MOUSE BRAIN , 1973, Journal of neurochemistry.

[11]  D. Bender,et al.  VARIATIONS IN AROMATIC AMINO ACID DECARBOXYLASE ACTIVITY TOWARDS DOPA AND 5‐HYDROXYTRYPTOPHAN CAUSED BY pH CHANGES AND DENATURATION , 1972, Journal of neurochemistry.

[12]  W. Blakemore.  Observations on oligodendrocyte degeneration, the resolution of status spongiosus and remyelination in cuprizone intoxication in mice , 1972, Journal of neurocytology.

[13]  John Prineas.  Paramyxovirus-Like Particles Associated with Acute Demyelination in Chronic Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis , 1972, Science.

[14]  K. Iqbal,et al.  Isolation of neurons and glial cells from normal and pathological human brains. , 1972, Brain research.

[15]  F. Norris.  AN ULTRASTRUCTURE STUDY OF HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS ENCEPHALITIS , 1972, Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology.

[16]  H. McFarland,et al.  SPECIFICITY OF THE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE IN VIRAL ENCEPHALITIS , 1972, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[17]  O. Hornykiewicz,et al.  OCCURRENCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF AROMATIC l‐AMINO ACID (l‐DOPA) DECARBOXYLASE IN THE HUMAN BRAIN , 1972, Journal of neurochemistry.

[18]  S. Rose,et al.  Compartmentation of lysosomes in neurones and neuropil and a new neuronal marker. , 1972, Brain research.

[19]  B. Tomlinson,et al.  Granulovacuolar degeneration of hippocampal pyramidal cells , 1972, The Journal of pathology.

[20]  B. Padgett,et al.  Cultivation of papova-like virus from human brain with progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy. , 1971, Lancet.

[21]  Buening Gm,et al.  Enzymatic changes in scrapie agent-infected mouse brain. , 1971 .

[22]  I. Pattison,et al.  Histopathological Similarities between Scrapie and Cuprizone Toxicity in Mice , 1971, Nature.

[23]  N. Nathanson,et al.  Immunosuppression And Experimental Virus Infection Of The Nervous System* , 1970, Advances in Virus Research.

[24]  R. Friedman,et al.  Development of Semliki forest virus in mouse brain: an electron microscopic study. , 1970, Experimental and molecular pathology.

[25]  D. M. Bowen,et al.  HYDROLASE ACTIVITIES IN BRAIN OF NEUROLOGICAL MUTANTS: CEREBROSIDE GALACTOSIDASE, NITROPHENYL GALACTOSIDE HYDROLASE, NITROPHENYL LUCOSIDE HYDROLASE AND SULPHATASE 1 , 1969, Journal of neurochemistry.

[26]  A. Mackenzie,et al.  Further observations on histochemical changes in scrapie mouse brain. Comparison with experimental viral encephalitides. , 1968, Journal of comparative pathology.

[27]  R. Friedman.  Protein Synthesis Directed by an Arbovirus , 1968, Journal of virology.

[28]  W. Fishman,et al.  Dual Localization of β-Glucuronidase in Endoplasmic Reticulum and in Lysosomes , 1967, Nature.

[29]  P. Lachmann,et al.  The breakdown of embryonic (chick) cartilage and bone cultivated in the presence of complement-sufficient antiserum. 3. Immunological analysis. , 1966, International archives of allergy and applied immunology.

[30]  N. Radin,et al.  Cerebroside galactosidase of brain. , 1966, Journal of lipid research.

[31]  R. Johnson.  VIRUS INVASION OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM: A STUDY OF SINDBIS VIRUS INFECTION IN THE MOUSE USING FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY. , 1965, The American journal of pathology.

[32]  H. Koenig,et al.  STUDIES OF BRAIN LYSOSOMES—I SUBCELLULAR DISTRIBUTION OF FIVE ACID HYDROLASES, SUCCINATE DEHYDROGENASE AND GANGLIOSIDES IN RAT BRAIN * , 1964, Journal of neurochemistry.

[33]  J. Edsall,et al.  CARBONIC ANHYDRASES FROM HUMAN ERYTHROCYTES. PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF TWO ENZYMES. , 1964, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[34]  S. Oz,et al.  Glutamine synthetase of rat cerebral cortex: intracellular distribution and structural latency. , 1962 .

[35]  E. Giacobini.  Localization of Carbonic Anhydrase in the Nervous System , 1961, Science.

[36]  E. Robins,et al.  QUANTITATIVE HISTOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF THE MORPHOGENESIS OF THE CEREBELLUM , 1961 .

[37]  K. Courtney,et al.  A new and rapid colorimetric determination of acetylcholinesterase activity. , 1961, Biochemical pharmacology.

[38]  E. Hurst.  THE NEWER KNOWLEDGE OF VIRUS DISEASES OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM: A REVIEW AND AND INTERPRETATION , 1936 .

[39]  H. Thormar,et al.  Effects of Viral Infections on the Brain , 1973 .

[40]  L. Laitinen,et al.  Studies on the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. Participation of lysosomes on demyelination in the central nervous system white matter outside plaques. , 1973, European neurology.

[41]  J. E. Vaughn,et al.  2 – Neuroglia in Experimentally Altered Central Nervous System1 , 1972 .

[42]  J. Dingle,et al.  Endocytosis of sugars in embryonic skeletal tissues in organ culture. IV. Lysosomal and other biochemical effects. General discussion. , 1969, Journal of cell science.

[43]  P. Albrecht.  Pathogenesis of neurotropic arbovirus infections. , 1968, Current topics in microbiology and immunology.