청말 양무운동 시기 함선과 대포의 해외구매

Transformation process from traditional naval forces(水師) to modernized navy(海軍) can be found in various aspects such as construction of a modern shipbuilding yard, foundation of a naval academy, cultivation of talented people, establishment of a modern navy fleet, formation of a government organization such as Haegunamun(海軍衙門: a government office of navy), construction of a naval base that included artillery corps or port and acceptance of modernized the sea defence(海防) ideology. However, there is an old viewpoint that explains symbolic outcome of Yangmu Movement(洋務運動) in late Qing period with foundation and collapse of North-Sea Navy(北洋海軍). When we consider the movement as leaning of western modernism especially the military modernization, its representative outcome must be the armament with new-type naval vessels and artilleries. Such armaments were basically purchased through the method of overseas purchase countries like England and Germany. This paper will be looking into the process importing naval vessels and artilleries, the modernized western armaments during the Yangmu Movement in Qing period by limiting time and dividing the process into three phases. The three phases are the First, so called, S. Osborn fleet incident that tried to make modernized mosquito fleets at the first attempt, Second, the period of Munjaseon(蚊子船: a mosquito vessel), a type of Poseon(?船: vessel armed with artillery) purchased for the purpose of defending coastal waters, and Third, the period of cruiser and armored battleship purchased for moving forward to far away in the sea. Changeover from so-called ’the naval forces’ to ’the navy’ showed the Chinese’ change in perception in respect of the sea and especially, foundation of navy progressively brought awakening of maritime power.