Design and evaluation of the personality trait extraversion of a shopping robot

A service robot should provide useful features, be easy to use and should have a friendly and accommodating behavior as social actor. This paper focuses on the last mentioned socio-emotional requirements. A marketable shopping robot was - based on the current state of research - equipped with an extraverted personality. The expectation was that this will improve the social acceptability of the robot. Based on an experimental field study (n=194 subjects) in a home improvement store this could be confirmed: The extravert designed shopping robot was perceived as more extraverted in comparison to the conventional version. Furthermore, the extraverted shopping robot received a higher social acceptance by the users than the conventional shopping robot.

[1]  Fang Fang,et al.  Socially Acceptable Pre-collision Safety Strategies for Human-Compliant Navigation of Service Robots , 2010, Adv. Robotics.

[2]  Steven Dubowsky,et al.  PAMM - a robotic aid to the elderly for mobility assistance and monitoring: a "helping-hand" for the elderly , 2000, Proceedings 2000 ICRA. Millennium Conference. IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation. Symposia Proceedings (Cat. No.00CH37065).

[3]  Illah R. Nourbakhsh,et al.  The role of expressiveness and attention in human-robot interaction , 2002, Proceedings 2002 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (Cat. No.02CH37292).

[4]  Marc Hanheide,et al.  Evaluating extrovert and introvert behaviour of a domestic robot — a video study , 2008, RO-MAN 2008 - The 17th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication.

[5]  Fred D. Davis.  User Acceptance of Information Technology: System Characteristics, User Perceptions and Behavioral Impacts , 1993, Int. J. Man Mach. Stud..

[6]  Hans-Joachim Böhme,et al.  Mensch-Roboter-Interaktion im Baumarkt - Formative Evaluation eines mobilen Shopping- Roboters , 2008 .

[7]  Rolf Dieter Schraft,et al.  Care-O-bot II—Development of a Next Generation Robotic Home Assistant , 2004, Auton. Robots.

[8]  Bas van den Berg.  Differences between Germans and Dutch People in Perception of Social Robots and the Tasks Robots Perform , 2012 .

[9]  Kerstin Dautenhahn,et al.  Methodology & Themes of Human-Robot Interaction: A Growing Research Field , 2007 .

[10]  M. Tscheligi,et al.  Robots asking for directions: the willingness of passers-by to support robots , 2010, HRI 2010.

[11]  Siddhartha S. Srinivasa,et al.  Gracefully mitigating breakdowns in robotic services , 2010, 2010 5th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI).

[12]  Dylan F. Glas,et al.  How to Approach Humans?-Strategies for Social Robots to Initiate Interaction- , 2010 .

[13]  Takayuki Kanda,et al.  My robotic doppelgänger - a critical look at the Uncanny Valley , 2009, RO-MAN 2009 - The 18th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication.

[14]  Fred D. Davis.  Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, and User Acceptance of Information Technology , 1989, MIS Q..

[15]  Gerhard Sagerer,et al.  A dialog system for comparative user studies on robot verbal behavior , 2006, ROMAN 2006 - The 15th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication.

[16]  Wolfram Burgard,et al.  The Interactive Museum Tour-Guide Robot , 1998, AAAI/IAAI.

[17]  Gordon B. Davis,et al.  User Acceptance of Information Technology: Toward a Unified View , 2003, MIS Q..

[18]  I. René J. A. te Boekhorst,et al.  Avoiding the uncanny valley: robot appearance, personality and consistency of behavior in an attention-seeking home scenario for a robot companion , 2008, Auton. Robots.

[19]  Joelle Pineau,et al.  Towards robotic assistants in nursing homes: Challenges and results , 2003, Robotics Auton. Syst..

[20]  Reid G. Simmons,et al.  Interactions with a moody robot , 2006, HRI '06.

[21]  Takanori Shibata,et al.  Living With Seal Robots—Its Sociopsychological and Physiological Influences on the Elderly at a Care House , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Robotics.

[22]  Hideki Kozima,et al.  Attention coupling as a prerequisite for social interaction , 2003, The 12th IEEE International Workshop on Robot and Human Interactive Communication, 2003. Proceedings. ROMAN 2003..

[23]  Roland Siegwart,et al.  Robox at Expo.02: A large-scale installation of personal robots , 2003, Robotics Auton. Syst..

[24]  C. Nass,et al.  Does computer-synthesized speech manifest personality? Experimental tests of recognition, similarity-attraction, and consistency-attraction. , 2001, Journal of experimental psychology. Applied.

[25]  Chandan Datta,et al.  Neel: an intelligent shopping guide - using web data for rich interactions , 2010, HRI 2010.

[26]  Rüdiger Dillmann,et al.  Sharing of control between an interactive shopping robot and it's user in collaborative tasks , 2010, 19th International Symposium in Robot and Human Interactive Communication.

[27]  Birgit Graf,et al.  An Adaptive Guidance System for Robotic Walking Aids , 2009, J. Comput. Inf. Technol..

[28]  Chandan Datta,et al.  A pilot study to understand requirements of a shopping mall robot , 2011, 2011 6th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI).

[29]  Takayuki Kanda,et al.  An affective guide robot in a shopping mall , 2009, 2009 4th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI).

[30]  Ulrich Reiser,et al.  Intuitive Human-Machine-Interaction and Implementation on a Household Robot Companion , 2007, HCI.

[31]  Wolfram Burgard,et al.  Experiences with an Interactive Museum Tour-Guide Robot , 1999, Artif. Intell..

[32]  Adriana Tapus,et al.  User—robot personality matching and assistive robot behavior adaptation for post-stroke rehabilitation therapy , 2008, Intell. Serv. Robotics.

[33]  Joelle Pineau,et al.  Pearl: A Mobile Robotic Assistant for the Elderly , 2002 .

[34]  Cynthia Breazeal,et al.  The Design of the Huggable: A Therapeutic Robotic Companion for Relational, Affective Touch , 2006, AAAI Fall Symposium: Caring Machines.

[35]  Takayuki Kanda,et al.  The perception of animacy and intelligence based on a robot's embodiment , 2007, 2007 7th IEEE-RAS International Conference on Humanoid Robots.

[36]  Tetsuo Ono,et al.  A humanoid robot that pretends to listen to route guidance from a human , 2007, Auton. Robots.

[37]  P. Borkenau,et al.  Observable Attributesas Manifestations and Cues ofPersonality and Intelligence , 1995 .

[38]  Aaron Powers,et al.  Matching robot appearance and behavior to tasks to improve human-robot cooperation , 2003, The 12th IEEE International Workshop on Robot and Human Interactive Communication, 2003. Proceedings. ROMAN 2003..

[39]  Heeyoung Kim,et al.  Personality design of sociable robots by control of gesture design factors , 2008, RO-MAN 2008 - The 17th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication.

[40]  Takayuki Kanda,et al.  Do elderly people prefer a conversational humanoid as a shopping assistant partner in supermarkets? , 2011, 2011 6th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI).

[41]  Rolf Dieter Schraft,et al.  Service Robots , 2000 .

[42]  Takanori Shibata,et al.  Robot Therapy in a Care House , 2006 .

[43]  Lilia V. Moshkina,et al.  Recognizing Nonverbal Affective Behavior in Humanoid Robots , 2010 .

[44]  J. Bortz,et al.  Forschungsmethoden und Evaluation , 1995 .

[45]  Horst-Michael Groß,et al.  TOOMAS: Interactive Shopping Guide robots in everyday use - final implementation and experiences from long-term field trials , 2009, 2009 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems.

[46]  Siddhartha S. Srinivasa,et al.  Gracefully mitigating breakdowns in robotic services , 2010, HRI 2010.

[47]  Dana Kulic,et al.  Measurement Instruments for the Anthropomorphism, Animacy, Likeability, Perceived Intelligence, and Perceived Safety of Robots , 2009, Int. J. Soc. Robotics.

[48]  Takayuki Kanda,et al.  Field trial of networked social robots in a shopping mall , 2009, 2009 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems.

[49]  Jodi Forlizzi,et al.  All robots are not created equal: the design and perception of humanoid robot heads , 2002, DIS '02.

[50]  K. Scherer.  Personality inference from voice quality: The loud voice of extroversion. , 1978 .

[51]  Beatrice Rammstedt,et al.  Kurzversion des Big Five Inventory (BFI-K): , 2005 .

[52]  Takayuki Kanda,et al.  How Quickly Should a Communication Robot Respond? Delaying Strategies and Habituation Effects , 2009, Int. J. Soc. Robotics.

[53]  P. Costa,et al.  Toward a new generation of personality theories: Theoretical contexts for the five-factor model. , 1996 .

[54]  Vanessa Evers,et al.  The influence of social presence on acceptance of a companion robot by older people , 2008 .

[55]  Takayuki Kanda,et al.  Nonverbal leakage in robots: Communication of intentions through seemingly unintentional behavior , 2009, 2009 4th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI).

[56]  Judith A. Hall,et al.  A thin slice perspective on the accuracy of first impressions , 2007 .

[57]  Marc Hanheide,et al.  Evaluating a social home tour robot applying heuristics , 2008 .

[58]  Boris E. R. de Ruyter,et al.  Assessing the effects of building social intelligence in a robotic interface for the home , 2005, Interact. Comput..

[59]  Hideki Kozima,et al.  Interactive robots for communication-care: a case-study in autism therapy , 2005, ROMAN 2005. IEEE International Workshop on Robot and Human Interactive Communication, 2005..

[60]  J. Terken,et al.  The influence of robot personality on perceived and preferred level of user control , 2008 .

[61]  J. Bortz,et al.  Forschungsmethoden und Evaluation für Human- und Sozialwissenschaftler , 2006 .

[62]  Paolo Dario,et al.  Design for Acceptability: Improving Robots’ Coexistence in Human Society , 2010, Int. J. Soc. Robotics.

[63]  Dong-Kyu Lee,et al.  REACTION FEEDBACK AS A LIFELIKE IDLE INTERACTION OF HUMAN-ROBOT INTERACTION , 2006 .

[64]  R. Lippa.  The Nonverbal Display and Judgment of Extraversion, Masculinity, Femininity, and Gender Diagnosticity: A Lens Model Analysis , 1998 .