Big Data Analytics for developing countries – Using the Cloud for Operational BI in Health

The multi‐layered view of digital divide suggests there is inequality of access to ICT, inequality of capability to exploit ICT and inequality of outcomes after exploiting ICT. This is evidently clear in the health systems of developing countries. In this paper, we look at cloud computing being able to provide computing as a utility service that might bridge this digital divide for Health Information Systems in developing countries. We highlight the role of Operational Business Intelligence (BI) tools to be able to make better decisions in health service provisioning. Through the case of DHIS2 software and its Analytics‐as‐a‐Service (AaaS) model, we look at how tools can exploit Cloud computing capabilities to perform analytics on Big Data that is resulting from integration of health data from multiple sources. Beyond looking at purely warehousing techniques, we suggest understanding Big Data from Organizational Capabilities and expanding organizational capabilities by offloading computing as a utility to vendors through cloud computing.

[1]  Edem Kwame Kossi,et al.  Developing decentralised health information systems in developing countries -cases from Sierra Leone and Kenya , 2013, J. Community Informatics.

[2]  A. Bandura Self-Efficacy: The Exercise of Control , 1997, Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy.

[3]  M. El-den,et al.  Emerging Varieties of Action Research: Introduction to the Special Issue , 1993 .

[4]  Clara Vega,et al.  Rise of the Machines: Algorithmic Trading in the Foreign Exchange Market , 2009 .

[5]  Albert Bandura,et al.  Fearful expectations and avoidant actions as coeffects of perceived self-inefficacy. , 1986 .

[6]  Sameer Rajan,et al.  Cloud Computing: The Fifth Generation of Computing , 2011, 2011 International Conference on Communication Systems and Network Technologies.

[7]  Johan Sæbø,et al.  Comparing strategies to integrate health information systems following a data warehouse approach in four countries , 2011, Inf. Technol. Dev..

[8]  Hock-Hai Teo,et al.  Conceptualizing and Testing a Social Cognitive Model of the Digital Divide , 2011, Inf. Syst. Res..

[9]  Karine Nahon,et al.  Gaps and Bits: Conceptualizing Measurements for Digital Divide/s , 2006, Inf. Soc..

[10]  M. Brian Blake,et al.  Service-Oriented Computing and Cloud Computing: Challenges and Opportunities , 2010, IEEE Internet Computing.

[11]  Dawna Travis Dewire Application Service Providers , 2000, Inf. Syst. Manag..

[12]  Pearl Brereton,et al.  Turning Software into a Service , 2003, Computer.

[13]  Jørn Braa,et al.  Networks of Action: Sustainable Health Information Systems Across Developing Countries , 2004, MIS Q..

[14]  Hans-Jörg Schek,et al.  Interoperating Geographic Information Systems , 1999, Lecture Notes in Computer Science.

[15]  Malcolm Munro,et al.  Understanding service-oriented software , 2004, IEEE Software.

[16]  M. Mowbray The Fog over the Grimpen Mire: Cloud Computing and the Law , 2009 .

[17]  Barbara Wixom,et al.  Real-Time Business Intelligence: Best Practices at Continental Airlines , 2005, Inf. Syst. Manag..

[18]  Francis X. Diebold,et al.  Advances in Economics and Econometrics: “Big Data” Dynamic Factor Models for Macroeconomic Measurement and Forecasting: A Discussion of the Papers by Lucrezia Reichlin and by Mark W. Watson , 2003 .

[19]  P. Webster,et al.  The rise of open-source electronic health records , 2011, The Lancet.

[20]  Shirin Madon,et al.  The Digital Challenge: Information Technology in the Development Context (Voices in Development Management) , 2004 .

[21]  Sholom M. Weiss,et al.  Predictive data mining - a practical guide , 1997 .

[22]  Albert H. Segars,et al.  Knowledge Management: An Organizational Capabilities Perspective , 2001, J. Manag. Inf. Syst..

[23]  R. Hewapathirana,et al.  Implementation of District Health Information Software 2 (DHIS2) in Sri Lanka , 2013 .

[24]  Rajkumar Buyya,et al.  Cloud Computing Principles and Paradigms , 2011 .

[25]  Veda C. Storey,et al.  Business Intelligence and Analytics: From Big Data to Big Impact , 2012, MIS Q..

[26]  Olivera Marjanovic The Next Stage of Operational Business Intelligence: Creating New Challenges for Business Process Management , 2007, 2007 40th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS'07).

[27]  Honest C. Kimaro,et al.  Strategies for Developing Human Resource Capacity to Support Sustainability of ICT Based Health Information Systems: A Case Study from Tanzania , 2006, Electron. J. Inf. Syst. Dev. Ctries..

[28]  Barbara Wixom,et al.  An Empirical Investigation of the Factors Affecting Data Warehousing Success , 2001, MIS Q..

[29]  Paul Marshall,et al.  Elastic Site: Using Clouds to Elastically Extend Site Resources , 2010, 2010 10th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Cluster, Cloud and Grid Computing.

[30]  Mike P. Papazoglou,et al.  Service-oriented computing: concepts, characteristics and directions , 2003, Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Web Information Systems Engineering, 2003. WISE 2003..

[31]  Arthur Heywood,et al.  Developing a District Health Information System in South Africa: A Social Process or Technical Solution? , 2001, MedInfo.

[32]  Joshua R. Vest,et al.  Health information exchange: persistent challenges and new strategies , 2010, J. Am. Medical Informatics Assoc..

[33]  Richard Alvarez Health care has to move into the hi-tech age. , 2005, Bulletin of the World Health Organization.

[34]  D. Hoffman,et al.  Bridging the Racial Divide on the Internet , 1998, Science.

[35]  Jørn Braa,et al.  DEVELOPING HEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES THE FLEXIBLE STANDARDS STRATEGY , 2006 .

[36]  Slim Trabelsi,et al.  Towards a Trustworthy Service Marketplace for the Future Internet , 2012, Future Internet Assembly.

[37]  Katleen Janssen,et al.  The influence of the PSI directive on open government data: An overview of recent developments , 2011, Gov. Inf. Q..

[38]  Kuo Zhang,et al.  Software as a Service: An Integration Perspective , 2007, ICSOC.

[39]  P. Mell,et al.  The NIST Definition of Cloud Computing , 2011 .

[40]  Morten Kyng,et al.  Design at Work , 1992 .

[41]  Bjørn Gustavsen,et al.  Swedish Network Development for Implementing National Work Reform Strategy , 1993 .

[42]  Amit P. Sheth,et al.  Changing Focus on Interoperability in Information Systems:From System, Syntax, Structure to Semantics , 1999 .

[43]  Brian Hayes,et al.  What Is Cloud Computing? , 2019, Cloud Technologies.

[44]  Max Elden,et al.  Features of Emerging Action Research , 1993 .

[45]  Elaine Byrne,et al.  The role of identity in health information systems development: A case analysis from Mozambique , 2005 .

[46]  Oliver Günther,et al.  Application Service Providers: Angebot, Nachfrage und langfristige Perspektiven , 2001, Wirtschaftsinf..

[47]  Barbara Wixom,et al.  Real-Time Business Intelligence: Best Practices at Continental Airlines , 2009 .

[48]  Kristoffer Røed,et al.  Integration as interdependent workaround , 2013, Int. J. Medical Informatics.

[49]  Rowena Cullen,et al.  Addressing the digital divide , 2001, Online Inf. Rev..

[50]  Detlef D. Nauck,et al.  Real Time Business Intelligence for the Adaptive Enterprise , 2006, The 8th IEEE International Conference on E-Commerce Technology and The 3rd IEEE International Conference on Enterprise Computing, E-Commerce, and E-Services (CEC/EEE'06).

[51]  Rajkumar Buyya,et al.  Article in Press Future Generation Computer Systems ( ) – Future Generation Computer Systems Cloud Computing and Emerging It Platforms: Vision, Hype, and Reality for Delivering Computing as the 5th Utility , 2022 .