Delay control in attosecond pump-probe experiments.

The time delay between the pump and probe pulses in attosecond time-resolved experiments, such as attosecond streaking, is commonly introduced by splitting and recombining the two pulses in an interferometer. This technique suffers from instability in the optical path lengths of the two arms due to mechanical vibration of the optical elements and fluctuating environmental conditions. We present a technique with which the instability of the unconventional interferometer is suppressed while at the same time the time delay is controlled to within 20 as RMS using a feedback loop. Using this scheme, the streaked spectrogram of an attosecond pulse was measured.

[1]  Manuel Joffre,et al.  Linear techniques of phase measurement by femtosecond spectral interferometry for applications in spectroscopy , 1995 .

[2]  M. Vrakking An iterative procedure for the inversion of two-dimensional ion/photoelectron imaging experiments , 2001 .

[3]  U. Heinzmann,et al.  Time-resolved atomic inner-shell spectroscopy , 2002, Nature.

[4]  P. Corkum,et al.  Attosecond streak camera. , 2002, Physical review letters.

[5]  U. Kleineberg,et al.  Atomic transient recorder , 2004, Nature.

[6]  Anders Persson,et al.  Amplitude and phase control of attosecond light pulses. , 2005, Physical review letters.

[7]  L. Poletto,et al.  Isolated Single-Cycle Attosecond Pulses , 2006, Science.

[8]  Z. Chang,et al.  Reduction of fast carrier-envelope phase jitter in femtosecond laser amplifiers. , 2006, Optics express.

[9]  George D. Tsakiris,et al.  Generation of intense continuum extreme-ultraviolet radiation by many-cycle laser fields , 2007 .

[10]  R. Holzwarth,et al.  Attosecond spectroscopy in condensed matter , 2007, Nature.

[11]  U. Kleineberg,et al.  Attosecond Control and Measurement: Lightwave Electronics , 2007, Science.

[12]  U. Kleineberg,et al.  Attosecond real-time observation of electron tunnelling in atoms , 2007, Nature.

[13]  M. Nisoli,et al.  Attosecond control of electron localization in one- and two-color dissociative ionization of H2 and D2 , 2008, 2008 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics and 2008 Conference on Quantum Electronics and Laser Science.

[14]  A low-loss, robust setup for double optical gating of high harmonic generation , 2008 .

[15]  Z. Chang,et al.  Double optical gating of high-order harmonic generation with carrier-envelope phase stabilized lasers. , 2008, Physical review letters.

[16]  U. Kleineberg,et al.  Single-Cycle Nonlinear Optics , 2008, Science.

[17]  Z. Chang,et al.  Direct measurement of an electric field in femtosecond Bessel-Gaussian beams. , 2009, Optics letters.

[18]  Z. Chang,et al.  Carrier-envelope phase stabilization and control of 1 kHz, 6 mJ, 30 fs laser pulses from a Ti:sapphire regenerative amplifier. , 2009, Applied optics.

[19]  Accurate Retrieval of Satellite Pulses of Single Isolated Attosecond Pulses , 2009 .

[20]  Z. Chang,et al.  Probing laser disturbed doubly excited states with isolated attosecond pulses , 2009, 2009 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics and 2009 Conference on Quantum electronics and Laser Science Conference.

[21]  He Wang,et al.  Practical issues of retrieving isolated attosecond pulses , 2009 .

[22]  M. Nisoli,et al.  Towards atomic unit pulse duration by polarization-controlled few-cycle pulses , 2009 .

[23]  Extreme ultraviolet supercontinua supporting pulse durations of less than one atomic unit of time. , 2009, Optics letters.