How does linguistic complexity influence intelligibility in a German audiometric sentence intelligibility test?

Abstract Objective: We investigated if linguistic complexity contributes to the variation of the speech reception threshold in noise (SRTN) and thus should be employed as an additional design criterion in sentence tests used for audiometry. Design: Three test lists were established with sentences from the Göttingen sentence test (25). One list contained linguistically simple sentences, the other two lists contained sentences with two types of linguistic complexity. For each listener the SRTN was determined for each list. Study Sample: Younger and older listeners with normal hearing and older listeners with hearing impairment were tested. Results: Younger listeners with normal hearing showed significantly worse SRTNs on the complex lists than on the simple list. This difference could not be found for either of the older groups. Conclusions: The effect of linguistic complexity on speech recognition seems to depend on age and/or hearing status. Hence, pending further research, linguistic complexity seems less relevant as a sentence test design criterion for clinical-audiological purposes, but we argue that a test with larger variation in linguistic complexity across sentences might show a relation between linguistic complexity and speech recognition even in a clinical population. Sumario Objetivo: Investigamos si la complejidad lingüística contribuye a la variaciones en el umbrales de recepción del lenguaje en ruido (SRTN) y por tanto, si deberían usarse como un criterio adicional de diseño en las pruebas con frases que se usan en audiometría. Diseño: Se establecieron tres listas de pruebas con frases de la Prueba de Frases de Göttingen (Kollmeirer & Wesselkamp, 1997). Una lista contenía frases lingüísticamente simples, las otras dos contenían frases con dos tipos distintos de complejidad lingüística. Se determino el SRTN para cada sujeto en cada lista. Muestra del Estudio: Se evaluaron sujetos jóvenes y viejos con audición normal y sujetos viejos con alteraciones auditivas. Resultados: Los sujetos más jóvenes con audición normal mostraron resultados de SRTN significativamente peores en las listas complejas que en la lista simple. Esta diferencia no fue encontrada en ninguno de los dos grupos de sujetos más viejos. Conclusiones: Por tanto, el efecto de la complejidad lingüística sobre el reconocimiento del lenguaje parece depender de la edad y/o de la condición auditiva. Portanto – pendiente de una investigación ulterior – la complejidad lingüística parece menos relevante como criterio de diseño de pruebas de frases para propósitos clínico-audiológicos. Pero argumentamos que una prueba con una mayor variación en la complejidad lingüística en sus frases podría mostrar una relación entre complejidad lingüística y el reconocimiento del lenguaje, aún en una población clínica.

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