Heat Transfer Fluids and Systems for Process and Energy Applications

Preface General Aspects of Indirect Heat Transfer Introduction Range of Fluids Industrial Process Heat Demand Selection Criteria for Heat Transfer Systems References Relevant Aspects of Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer Introduction Nature of Fluid Flow Pressure to Drop Due to Flow in Pipes Aspects of Basic Heat Transfer Correlations for Natural Convection Correlations for Forced Convection Combined Natural and Forced Convection Heat Transfer by Vapor Condensation Heat Transfer with Boiling Heat Transfer by Liquid Metals Heat Exchangers Heat Transfer in Vessels and Reactors Nomenclature References Water Introduction Thermodynamic Properties Water Contaminants and Their Measurements Cooling Water Systems Steam Systems: General Steam Systems in Process Plant High-Pressure Water Heating Steam Turbines Water Usage for Nuclear Power Heat Transfer Rates Hazards of Water and Steam Nomenclature References Gases Introduction Quantity and Properties of Combustion Products Heat Conservation in Fired Units: Principles Practical Aspects of Heat Recovery Quantitative Assessment of Waste Heat Recovery Gas Turbines Heat Recovery from Gas Turbine Exhausts Combined Cycle (Cogeneration) Plants Air Cooling Use of Gases for Nuclear Power Nomenclature References Organic Fluids Introduction Overview of Fluid Characteristics Flow Sheets of Typical Systems Heat Transfer Rates Design of Heaters and Vaporizers Special Considerations for Vapor-Phase Systems Natural Versus Forced Circulation Systems Vapor Versus Liquid Systems Hazard and Operability Considerations Nomenclature References Molten Salts Introduction Properties of KNO3-NaNO3-NaNO2 Salts Properties of Other Salts Salt Systems for General Process Applications Salt Systems for Solar Energy Recovery Heat Transfer Rates Process Equipment Selection and Specification Safety Considerations Nomenclature References Liquid Metals Introduction Aspects of Heat Transfer Use in Nuclear Power: Fast Breeder Reactors Use in Solar Power Use in Conventional Power Plants Process Equipment Selection and Specification Health and Safety Aspects Nomenclature References Appendix 1 Table of Saturated Water and Steam Properties and Superheated Steam Properties Appendix 2: Tables of Organic Fluids Usable in Vapor or Liquid Phase and Organic Fluids Only in Liquid Phase Index