Positive feedback and momentum growth during debris-flow entrainment of wet bed sediment

The mechanisms by which debris flows acquire mass and momentum as they entrain material are unclear. Large-scale experiments suggest that the pore pressure of wet bed sediment increases as the flow moves over the bed, leading to reduced friction and progressive scouring of the base.

[1]  Jan W. Hopmans,et al.  Frequency, electrical conductivity and temperature analysis of a low-cost capacitance soil moisture sensor , 2008 .

[2]  J. N. Hutchinson,et al.  Undrained Loading, A Fundamental Mechanism of Mudflows and other Mass Movements , 1971 .

[3]  Lev S. Tsimring,et al.  Avalanche mobility induced by the presence of an erodible bed and associated entrainment , 2007 .

[4]  R. Janda,et al.  Perturbation and melting of snow and ice by the 13 November 1985 eruption of Nevado del Ruiz, Colombia, and consequent mobilization, flow and deposition of lahars , 1990 .

[5]  Jeffrey A. Coe,et al.  Alpine debris flows triggered by a 28 July 1999 thunderstorm in the central Front Range, Colorado , 2007 .

[6]  R. Iverson,et al.  U. S. Geological Survey , 1967, Radiocarbon.

[7]  Oldrich Hungr,et al.  Quantitative analysis of debris torrent hazards for design of remedial measures , 1984 .

[8]  A. Tamburrino,et al.  Pore fluid pressure and internal kinematics of gravitational laboratory air‐particle flows: Insights into the emplacement dynamics of pyroclastic flows , 2010 .

[9]  Richard M. Iverson,et al.  The perfect debris flow? Aggregated results from 28 large-scale experiments , 2010 .

[10]  Richard M. Iverson,et al.  New views of granular mass flows , 2001 .

[11]  P. Bartelt,et al.  Field observations of basal forces and fluid pore pressure in a debris flow , 2006 .

[12]  Kaare Høeg,et al.  Erosion and morphology of a debris flow caused by a glacial lake outburst flood, Western Norway , 2008 .

[13]  O. Hungr Analysis of debris flow surges using the theory of uniformly progressive flow , 2000 .

[14]  Alessandro Simoni,et al.  Field observations of a debris flow event in the Dolomites , 1999 .

[15]  Aronne Armanini,et al.  Two-dimensional simulation of debris flows in erodible channels , 2009, Comput. Geosci..

[16]  N. Mangold,et al.  Erosion and mobility in granular collapse over sloping beds , 2010 .

[17]  R. Sharp,et al.  MUDFLOW OF 1941 AT WRIGHTWOOD, SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA , 1953 .

[18]  Tamotsu Takahashi,et al.  Mechanical Characteristics of Debris Flow , 1978 .

[19]  C. F. Lee,et al.  Erosional effects on runout of fast landslides, debris flows , 2006 .

[20]  M. Jakob,et al.  Debris-flow Hazards and Related Phenomena , 2005 .

[21]  P. Friele,et al.  Frequency and magnitude of debris flows on Cheekye River, British Columbia , 2010 .

[22]  Richard M. Iverson,et al.  Flow of variably fluidized granular masses across three‐dimensional terrain: 1. Coulomb mixture theory , 2001 .

[23]  R J Fannin,et al.  An empirical-statistical model for debris flow travel distance , 2001 .

[24]  J. Pierce,et al.  Fire-induced erosion and millennial-scale climate change in northern ponderosa pine forests , 2004, Nature.

[25]  Giovanni B. Crosta,et al.  Numerical modeling of 2‐D granular step collapse on erodible and nonerodible surface , 2009 .

[26]  F. Schlunegger,et al.  A novel method for measuring the timing of bed erosion during debris flows and floods , 2010 .

[27]  D. M. Cruden,et al.  MOMENTUM TRANSFER AND FRICTION IN THE DEBRIS OF ROCK AVALANCHES , 1989 .

[28]  H. Erlichson A Mass-Change Model for the Estimation of Debris-Flow Runout, a Second Discussion: Conditions for the Application of the Rocket Equation , 1991, The Journal of geology.

[29]  J. W. Kean,et al.  Evolution of a natural debris flow: In situ measurements of flow dynamics, video imagery, and terrestrial laser scanning , 2010 .

[30]  Martin Beniston,et al.  On the incidence of debris flows from the early Little Ice Age to a future greenhouse climate: A case study from the Swiss Alps , 2006 .

[31]  R. Iverson,et al.  Regulation of landslide motion by dilatancy and pore pressure feedback , 2004 .

[32]  L. Benda The influence of debris flows on channels and valley floors in the Oregon Coast Range, U.S.A. , 1990 .

[33]  Olivier Pouliquen,et al.  Friction law for dense granular flows: application to the motion of a mass down a rough inclined plane , 2001, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[34]  Kyoji Sassa,et al.  Downslope volume enlargement of a debris slide–debris flow in the 1999 Hiroshima, Japan, rainstorm , 2003 .

[35]  Tamotsu Takahashi,et al.  Debris Flow: Mechanics, Prediction and Countermeasures , 2007 .

[36]  R. Guthrie,et al.  An examination of controls on debris flow mobility: Evidence from coastal British Columbia , 2010 .

[37]  P. Burlando,et al.  Field experiments and numerical modeling of mass entrainment in snow avalanches , 2006 .

[38]  Scott McDougall,et al.  Entrainment of material by debris flows , 2005 .

[39]  Richard M. Iverson,et al.  Debris-flow mobilization from landslides , 1997 .

[40]  D. Brien,et al.  Acute sensitivity of landslide rates to initial soil porosity. , 2000, Science.

[41]  Chen Chen-lung,et al.  DEBRIS-FLOW HAZARDS MITIGATION: MECHANICS, PREDICTION, AND ASSESSMENT , 2007 .