Procrastination of Enjoyable Experiences

The tendency to procrastinate applies not only to aversive tasks but also to positive experiences with immediate benefits. The authors propose that models of time discounting can explain this behavior, and they test these predictions with field data and experiments. A multicity study shows that people with unlimited time windows delay visiting desirable landmarks; however, procrastination is reduced when the window of opportunity is constrained. Similarly, people procrastinate in redeeming gift certificates and gift cards with long deadlines more than those with short deadlines, resulting in overall lower redemption rates. These results run counter to participants’ predictions and typical models of impulsive behavior.

[1]  Suzanne B. Shu,et al.  Future‐biased search: the quest for the ideal , 2008 .

[2]  D. Ariely,et al.  Procrastination, Deadlines, and Performance: Self-Control by Precommitment , 2002, Psychological science.

[3]  G. Ainslie Specious reward: a behavioral theory of impulsiveness and impulse control. , 1975, Psychological bulletin.

[4]  D. Kahneman,et al.  Timid choices and bold forecasts: a cognitive perspective on risk taking , 1993 .

[5]  J. Elster,et al.  Choice Over Time , 1992 .

[6]  John G. Lynch,et al.  The Psychology of Intertemporal Discounting: Why are Distant Events Valued Differently from Proximal Ones? , 2005 .

[7]  G. Debreu The Mathematization of Economic Theory , 1991 .

[8]  N. Roese,et al.  Regulatory focus and temporal distance , 2003 .

[9]  Ran Kivetz,et al.  Repenting Hyperopia: An Analysis of Self-Control Regrets , 2006 .

[10]  John G. Lynch,et al.  Resource Slack and Propensity to Discount Delayed Investments of Time Versus Money , 2004, Journal of experimental psychology. General.

[11]  John G. Lynch,et al.  As Time Goes By: Do Cold Feet Follow Warm Intentions for Really New versus Incrementally New Products? , 2008 .

[12]  John G. Lynch,et al.  When do you Want It? Time, Decisions, and Public Policy , 2006 .

[13]  G. Loewenstein Anticipation and the Valuation of Delayed Consumption , 1987 .

[14]  Ted O’Donoghue,et al.  Doing It Now or Later , 1999 .

[15]  Yaacov Trope,et al.  Temporal construal. , 2003, Psychological review.

[16]  R. Herrnstein,et al.  Preference Reversals Due to Myopic Discounting of Delayed Reward , 1995 .

[17]  George A. Akerlof Procrastination and Obedience , 1991 .

[18]  John T. Gourville,et al.  The Consumer Psychology of Mail-In Rebates: A Model of Anchoring and Adjustment , 2005 .

[19]  R. Thaler Some empirical evidence on dynamic inconsistency , 1981 .

[20]  D. Soman The Illusion of Delayed Incentives: Evaluating Future Effort–Money Transactions , 1998 .

[21]  Matthew Rabin,et al.  Procrastination in Preparing for Retirement , 1998 .

[22]  A. Tversky,et al.  The weighing of evidence and the determinants of confidence , 1992, Cognitive Psychology.

[23]  R. Buehler,et al.  Exploring the "planning fallacy": Why people underestimate their task completion times. , 1994 .

[24]  W. Mischel,et al.  Delay of gratification in children. , 1989, Science.

[25]  I. Ajzen The theory of planned behavior , 1991 .