Feedback equilibrium control during human standing

Equilibrium maintenance during standing in humans was investigated with a 3-joint (ankle, knee and hip) sagittal model of body movement. The experimental paradigm consisted of sudden perturbations of humans in quiet stance by backward displacements of the support platform. Data analysis was performed using eigenvectors of motion equation. The results supported three conclusions. First, independent feedback control of movements along eigenvectors (eigenmovements) can adequately describe human postural responses to stance perturbations. This conclusion is consistent with previous observations (Alexandrov et al., 2001b) that these same eigenmovements are also independently controlled in a feed-forward manner during voluntary upper-trunk bending. Second, independent feedback control of each eigenmovement is sufficient to provide its stability. Third, the feedback loop in each eigenmovement can be modeled as a linear visco-elastic spring with delay. Visco-elastic parameters and time-delay values result from the combined contribution of passive visco-elastic mechanisms and sensory systems of different modalities

[1]  L. Nashner,et al.  The organization of human postural movements: A formal basis and experimental synthesis , 1985, Behavioral and Brain Sciences.

[2]  F. Plum.  Handbook of Physiology. , 1960 .

[3]  David A. Winter,et al.  Biomechanics and Motor Control of Human Movement , 1990 .

[4]  Frans C. T. van der Helm,et al.  An adaptive model of sensory integration in a dynamic environment applied to human stance control , 2001, Biological Cybernetics.

[5]  F. Horak,et al.  Postural feedback responses scale with biomechanical constraints in human standing , 2004, Experimental Brain Research.

[6]  V. S. Gurfinkel,et al.  Kinesthetic reference for human orthograde posture , 1995, Neuroscience.

[7]  J. Massion,et al.  Axial synergies during human upper trunk bending , 1998, Experimental Brain Research.

[8]  K. Barin,et al.  Evaluation of a generalized model of human postural dynamics and control in the sagittal plane , 1989, Biological Cybernetics.

[9]  F. Horak,et al.  Influence of stimulus parameters on human postural responses. , 1988, Journal of neurophysiology.

[10]  M. Taussig.  The Nervous System , 1991 .

[11]  Philippe Micheau,et al.  Evaluation of the lambda model for human postural control during ankle strategy , 2003, Biological Cybernetics.

[12]  F. Horak,et al.  Influence of central set on human postural responses. , 1989, Journal of neurophysiology.

[13]  J. F. Yang,et al.  Postural dynamics in the standing human , 1990, Biological Cybernetics.

[14]  F E Zajac,et al.  Ankle and hip postural strategies defined by joint torques. , 1999, Gait & posture.

[15]  D. Winter,et al.  Stiffness control of balance in quiet standing. , 1998, Journal of neurophysiology.

[16]  Tim Kiemel,et al.  Multisensory fusion and the stochastic structure of postural sway , 2002, Biological Cybernetics.

[17]  J. He,et al.  Feedback gains for correcting small perturbations to standing posture , 1989, Proceedings of the 28th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control,.

[18]  S C Gandevia,et al.  Loop gain of reflexes controlling human standing measured with the use of postural and vestibular disturbances. , 1996, Journal of neurophysiology.

[19]  D. Wolpert,et al.  Internal models in the cerebellum , 1998, Trends in Cognitive Sciences.

[20]  Jacques Duchateau,et al.  Differential effects of slow and fast motor units of different programs of brief daily muscle training in man , 1981 .

[21]  J. Sarvey,et al.  beta-NAAG rescues LTP from blockade by NAAG in rat dentate gyrus via the type 3 metabotropic glutamate receptor. , 2001, Journal of neurophysiology.

[22]  G. F. Koshland,et al.  Electromyographic responses to a mechanical perturbation applied during impending arm movements in different directions: one-joint and two-joint conditions , 2000, Experimental Brain Research.

[23]  A. Hof.  In vivo measurement of the series elasticity release curve of human triceps surae muscle , 1998 .

[24]  P. Morasso,et al.  Can muscle stiffness alone stabilize upright standing? , 1999, Journal of neurophysiology.

[25]  Jeroen B. J. Smeets,et al.  An unsupervised neural network model for the development of reflex co-ordination , 1994, Biological Cybernetics.

[26]  M. McGlamery.  Mammalian Muscle Receptors and Their Central Actions , 1973 .

[27]  A.D. Kuo,et al.  An optimal control model for analyzing human postural balance , 1995, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[28]  G. Loeb,et al.  Feedback gains for correcting small perturbations to standing posture , 1991 .

[29]  R. Peterka.  Sensorimotor integration in human postural control. , 2002, Journal of neurophysiology.

[30]  Alexander A. Frolov,et al.  Biomechanical analysis of movement strategies in human forward trunk bending. I. Modeling , 2001, Biological Cybernetics.

[31]  F. Horak,et al.  Central programming of postural movements: adaptation to altered support-surface configurations. , 1986, Journal of neurophysiology.

[32]  Herman van der Kooij,et al.  A multisensory integration model of human stance control , 1999, Biological Cybernetics.

[33]  David J. Ostry,et al.  A critical evaluation of the force control hypothesis in motor control , 2003, Experimental Brain Research.

[34]  F E Zajac,et al.  Human standing posture: multi-joint movement strategies based on biomechanical constraints. , 1993, Progress in brain research.

[35]  Alexander A. Frolov,et al.  Biomechanical analysis of movement strategies in human forward trunk bending. II. Experimental study , 2001, Biological Cybernetics.

[36]  K E Popov,et al.  [Is the stretch reflex a basic mechanism in the system of regulation of human vertical posture?]. , 1974, Biofizika.

[37]  A E Patla,et al.  Ankle muscle stiffness in the control of balance during quiet standing. , 2001, Journal of neurophysiology.

[38]  Sophocles J. Orfanidis,et al.  Introduction to signal processing , 1995 .