Planar lipid bilayers on solid supports from liposomes--factors of importance for kinetics and stability.

One method to create planar lipid bilayers on solid substrates involves the transfer of lipids from liposomes to the support. We have varied the composition of liposomes systematically using factorial experimental designs and analyzed the adsorption behaviour of lipids from these liposomes onto solid supports. The hydrophilic supports were either used plain or modified with a monolayer of a lipid mixture, exposing hydrophobic groups. The monolayer-covered supports were used to identify factors important for adhesion and stability. Lipid adsorption kinetics was primarily studied on plain silicon supports in an ellipsometric cell or on a silicon nitride surface in a resonant mirror system (IAsys), using the systematic approach. Saturated phospholipids were essential for the required stability. Mixtures of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol, dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine and cholesterol in combination with proteins were investigated in further detail as regards kinetics. The propensity to form a supported planar bilayer could be manipulated by the presence of calcium ions.

[1]  D. Leckband,et al.  Role of calcium in the adhesion and fusion of bilayers. , 1993, Biochemistry.

[2]  P. Wenzl,et al.  Supported phospholipid bilayers prepared by the LB/vesicle method : a Fourier transform infrared attenuated total reflection spectroscopic study on structure and stability , 1994 .

[3]  G. Zampighi,et al.  Phospholipid vesicle formation and transmembrane protein incorporation using octyl glucoside. , 1981, Biochemistry.

[4]  L. Tamm,et al.  Formation of supported planar bilayers by fusion of vesicles to supported phospholipid monolayers. , 1992, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[5]  P. Dutta,et al.  Formation of multilayers of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine using the Langmuir-Blodgett technique , 1987 .

[6]  H. Galla,et al.  Impedance analysis of supported lipid bilayer membranes: a scrutiny of different preparation techniques. , 1996, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[7]  Lipid polymorphism and the functional roles of lipids in biological membranes. , 1979 .

[8]  T. Tjärnhage,et al.  Liposome and phospholipid adsorption on a platinum surface studied in a flow cell designed for simultaneous quartz crystal microbalance and ellipsometry measurements , 1996 .

[9]  H. Vogel,et al.  Covalent attachment of functionalized lipid bilayers to planar waveguides for measuring protein binding to biomimetic membranes , 1995, Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society.

[10]  T. Tjärnhage,et al.  Liposome and proteoliposome fusion onto solid substrates, studied using atomic force microscopy, quartz crystal microbalance and surface plasmon resonance. Biological activities of incorporated components , 1995 .

[11]  I. Gustafson,et al.  Retained activities of some membrane proteins in stable lipid bilayers on a solid support. , 1995, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[12]  S. Boxer,et al.  Architecture and function of membrane proteins in planar supported bilayers: a study with photosynthetic reaction centers. , 1996, Biochemistry.

[13]  R. Tampé,et al.  Lipid mono- and bilayer supported on polymer films: composite polymer-lipid films on solid substrates. , 1994, Biophysical journal.

[14]  H. Ringsdorf,et al.  Influence of Anchor Lipids on the Homogeneity and Mobility of Lipid Bilayers on Thin Polymer Films , 1996 .

[15]  J. S. Hunter,et al.  Statistics for experimenters : an introduction to design, data analysis, and model building , 1979 .

[16]  P. Nollert,et al.  Lipid vesicle adsorption versus formation of planar bilayers on solid surfaces. , 1995, Biophysical journal.

[17]  T. Bayerl,et al.  Lipid transfer between small unilamellar vesicles and single bilayers on a solid support: self-assembly of supported bilayers with asymmetric lipid distribution. , 1994, Biochemistry.

[18]  C. A. Hasselbacher,et al.  Use of an oriented transmembrane protein to probe the assembly of a supported phospholipid bilayer. , 1994, Biophysical journal.

[19]  G. Olofsson,et al.  On the deposition of phospholipids onto planar supports with the Langmuir—Blodgett technique using factorial experimental design 1. Screening of various factors and supports , 1992 .

[20]  E. Sackmann,et al.  Phenomenology and kinetics of lipid bilayer spreading on hydrophilic surfaces , 1995 .

[21]  D. Hoekstra,et al.  MEMBRANE-FUSION - FROM LIPOSOMES TO BIOLOGICAL-MEMBRANES , 1984 .

[22]  M. M. Bradford.  A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. , 1976, Analytical biochemistry.

[23]  E. Sackmann,et al.  Supported Membranes: Scientific and Practical Applications , 1996, Science.

[24]  E. Sackmann,et al.  On the application of supported bilayers as receptive layers for biosensors with electrical detection , 1993 .

[25]  H. Apell,et al.  Polarized infrared absorption of Na+/K+-ATPase studied by attenuated total reflection spectroscopy. , 1989, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[26]  M. Liley,et al.  Biologically addressable monolayer structures formed by templates of sulfur-bearing molecules. , 1994, Biophysical journal.

[27]  H. Ringsdorf,et al.  Polymer-supported bilayer on a solid substrate. , 1992, Biophysical journal.

[28]  J. Israelachvili,et al.  Role of hydrophobic forces in bilayer adhesion and fusion. , 1992, Biochemistry.