Impact of SO x and NO x in Flue Gas on CO 2 Separation, Compression, and Pipeline Transmission

This chapter evaluates the effects of impurities in CO 2 streams on above ground processing equipment. It focuses on SO x and NO x impurities in flue gas. The three main components of the data analysis include—impact of impurities on the performance of amine separation systems; evaluation of the phase behavior of multi-component gas mixtures on multi-stage compressors; review of compressed gases to determine the corrosivity of pipeline materials in contact with CO 2 , SO x , and NO x species with moisture present. Flue gas impurities, such as SO x , NO x , other trace gases, and volatile metals have the potential of interacting unfavorably with capture, compression, and pipeline transmission of CO 2 . Absorption and regeneration characteristics of amines and other solvents used to separate CO2 are affected adversely by acid gas impurities, as their amine salts form essentially irreversibly. Compression of gas mixtures is subject to condensation of the higher boiling constituents, which may limit the ability to achieve adequate interstage cooling and may damage the compressor and other related processing equipment. Materials used in separation, compression, and transmission are subject to corrosion by acids formed from hydrolysis of SO x and NO x species in the presence of water. Finally, metals such as arsenic and mercury are accumulated from the coal and oil, and may hinder downstream processes.

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