Transport of proteins to the yeast vacuole: autophagy, cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting, and role of the vacuole in degradation.

The vacuole/lysosome performs a central role in degradation. Proteins and organelles are transported to the vacuole by selective and non-selective pathways. Transport to the vacuole by autophagy is the primary mode for degradation of cytoplasmic constituents under starvation conditions. Autophagy overlaps mechanistically and genetically with a biosynthetic pathway termed Cvt (Cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting) that operates under vegetative conditions to transport the resident vacuolar hydrolase aminopeptidase I (API). API import has been dissected to reveal the action of a novel mechanism that transports cargo within double-membrane vesicles. Recent work has uncovered molecular components involved in autophagy and the Cvt pathway.

[1]  Michael D. George,et al.  Apg5p functions in the sequestration step in the cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting and macroautophagy pathways. , 2000, Molecular biology of the cell.

[2]  D. Klionsky,et al.  The Itinerary of a Vesicle Component, Aut7p/Cvt5p, Terminates in the Yeast Vacuole via the Autophagy/Cvt Pathways* , 2000, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[3]  D. Klionsky,et al.  Apg9p/Cvt7p Is an Integral Membrane Protein Required for Transport Vesicle Formation in the Cvt and Autophagy Pathways , 2000, The Journal of cell biology.

[4]  D. Klionsky,et al.  Peroxisome degradation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is dependent on machinery of macroautophagy and the Cvt pathway. , 1999, Journal of cell science.

[5]  S. Emr,et al.  Cytoplasm to vacuole trafficking of aminopeptidase I requires a t‐SNARE–Sec1p complex composed of Tlg2p and Vps45p , 1999, The EMBO journal.

[6]  Takeshi Noda,et al.  Formation Process of Autophagosome Is Traced with Apg8/Aut7p in Yeast , 1999, The Journal of cell biology.

[7]  A. Matsuura,et al.  Apg10p, a novel protein‐conjugating enzyme essential for autophagy in yeast , 1999, The EMBO journal.

[8]  E. Knecht,et al.  Import into and degradation of cytosolic proteins by isolated yeast vacuoles. , 1999, Molecular biology of the cell.

[9]  N. Mizushima,et al.  Apg7p/Cvt2p: A novel protein-activating enzyme essential for autophagy. , 1999, Molecular biology of the cell.

[10]  D. Klionsky,et al.  Apg7p/Cvt2p is required for the cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting, macroautophagy, and peroxisome degradation pathways. , 1999, Molecular biology of the cell.

[11]  D. Klionsky,et al.  Yel013p (Vac8p), an armadillo repeat protein related to plakoglobin and importin alpha is associated with the yeast vacuole membrane. , 1998, Journal of cell science.

[12]  K. Entian,et al.  Proteins of Newly Isolated Mutants and the Amino-terminal Proline Are Essential for Ubiquitin-Proteasome-catalyzed Catabolite Degradation of Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae * , 1998, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[13]  Stefan Jentsch,et al.  Protein breakdown: Ubiquitous déjà vu , 1998, Nature.

[14]  Michael D. George,et al.  A protein conjugation system essential for autophagy , 1998, Nature.

[15]  M. Bredschneider,et al.  Aut2p and Aut7p, two novel microtubule‐associated proteins are essential for delivery of autophagic vesicles to the vacuole , 1998, The EMBO journal.

[16]  Natalie L. Catlett,et al.  Vac8p, a Vacuolar Protein with Armadillo Repeats, Functions in both Vacuole Inheritance and Protein Targeting from the Cytoplasm to Vacuole , 1998, The Journal of cell biology.

[17]  T. Stevens,et al.  Vacuole Biogenesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Protein Transport Pathways to the Yeast Vacuole , 1998, Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews.

[18]  Takeshi Noda,et al.  Tor, a Phosphatidylinositol Kinase Homologue, Controls Autophagy in Yeast* , 1998, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[19]  D. Klionsky,et al.  Two Distinct Pathways for Targeting Proteins from the Cytoplasm to the Vacuole/Lysosome , 1997, The Journal of cell biology.

[20]  L. Hicke.  Ubiquitin‐dependent internalization and down‐regulation of plasma membrane proteins , 1997, FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology.

[21]  S. Emr,et al.  A novel RING finger protein complex essential for a late step in protein transport to the yeast vacuole. , 1997, Molecular biology of the cell.

[22]  S. Emr,et al.  A Multispecificity Syntaxin Homologue, Vam3p, Essential for Autophagic and Biosynthetic Protein Transport to the Vacuole , 1997, The Journal of cell biology.

[23]  D. Klionsky,et al.  Aminopeptidase I Is Targeted to the Vacuole by a Nonclassical Vesicular Mechanism , 1997, The Journal of cell biology.

[24]  S. R. Terlecky,et al.  An Intralysosomal hsp70 Is Required for a Selective Pathway of Lysosomal Protein Degradation , 1997, The Journal of cell biology.

[25]  Pei-Hsin Huang,et al.  Identification of Novel Vesicles in the Cytosol to Vacuole Protein Degradation Pathway , 1997, The Journal of cell biology.

[26]  D. Klionsky,et al.  Cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting and autophagy employ the same machinery to deliver proteins to the yeast vacuole. , 1996, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[27]  A. Cuervo,et al.  A Receptor for the Selective Uptake and Degradation of Proteins by Lysosomes , 1996, Science.

[28]  D. Klionsky,et al.  Genetic and Phenotypic Overlap between Autophagy and the Cytoplasm to Vacuole Protein Targeting Pathway* , 1996, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[29]  D. Klionsky,et al.  Identification of a cytoplasm to vacuole targeting determinant in aminopeptidase I , 1996, The Journal of cell biology.

[30]  M. Thumm,et al.  Catabolite Inactivation of Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae , 1995, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[31]  D. Klionsky,et al.  Isolation and characterization of yeast mutants in the cytoplasm to vacuole protein targeting pathway , 1995, The Journal of cell biology.

[32]  D. L. Tuttle,et al.  Divergent modes of autophagy in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. , 1995, Journal of cell science.

[33]  M. Schlumpberger,et al.  Isolation of autophagocytosis mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae , 1994, FEBS letters.

[34]  S. Tsuboi,et al.  Ultrastructural analysis of the autophagic process in yeast: detection of autophagosomes and their characterization , 1994, The Journal of cell biology.

[35]  H. Riezman,et al.  Involvement of Ypt7p, a small GTPase, in traffic from late endosome to the vacuole in yeast. , 1993, Journal of cell science.

[36]  Y. Ohsumi,et al.  Isolation and characterization of autophagy‐defective mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae , 1993, FEBS letters.

[37]  Ludger Hengst,et al.  Endocytosis in yeast: Evidence for the involvement of a small GTP-binding protein (Ypt7p) , 1992, Cell.

[38]  D. Klionsky,et al.  Aminopeptidase I of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is localized to the vacuole independent of the secretory pathway , 1992, The Journal of cell biology.

[39]  S. Tsuboi,et al.  Autophagy in yeast demonstrated with proteinase-deficient mutants and conditions for its induction , 1992, The Journal of cell biology.

[40]  D. Wolf,et al.  Lysosomal (vacuolar) proteinases of yeast are essential catalysts for protein degradation, differentiation, and cell survival. , 1989, The Journal of biological chemistry.