Transmission rights and market power on electric power networks

We analyze whether and how the allocation of transmission rights associated with the use of electric power networks affects the behavior of electricity generators and consumers with market power. We also examine how the allocation of transmission rights is affected by the microstructure of the markets for these rights. Both financial and physical transmission rights are considered. The analysis focuses on a two-node network where there are cheap generating supplies in an exporting region and expensive generating supplies in an importing region. Extensions to a network with loop flow are developed. Regulatory mechanisms for detecting and mitigating the market-powerenhancing effects of transmission rights holdings are discussed. n There has been considerable controversy over whether competitive electricity systems should be organized around bid-based pools with financial transmission rights or bilateral contracting systems organized with tradeable physical transmission rights (Joskow, 1996). We focus here on one set of issues that have arisen in this controversy. We analyze whether and how the allocation of transmission rights associated with the use of an electric power network affects the behavior of electricity generators and purchasers that have market power. We examine the similarities and differences in this regard between financial and physical rights and compare the welfare properties of each. We also examine how transmission-rights markets with different microstructures allocate rights among generators and consumers and determine rights prices, and we demonstrate that the allocation of rights through the market is endogenous. Our analysis is limited to these issues, and it is not our objective to discuss here the full set of reasons why a physical rights mechanism might be preferred to a financial rights mechanism or vice versa.