Enzyme electrode probes

Publisher Summary The enzyme electrode is a combination of an ion-selective electrode base sensor with an immobilized (insolubilized) enzyme, which provides a highly selective and sensitive method for the determination of a given substrate. In enzyme electrodes, the enzyme is usually immobilized, thus reducing the amount of material required to perform a routine analysis and eliminating the need for frequent assay of the enzyme preparation to obtain reproducible results. Moreover, the stability of the enzyme is often improved when it is incorporated in a suitable gel matrix. For example, an electrode for the determination of glucose prepared by covering a platinum electrode with chemically bound glucose oxidase is used for over 300 days. There are two methods to immobilize an enzyme: (1) the chemical modification of the molecules by the introduction of insolubilizing groups, and (2) the physical entrapment of the enzyme in an inert matrix such as starch or polyacrylamide. The technique of chemical immobilization is the best for making electrode probes.

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