CMOS Saturated Power Amplifier With Dynamic Auxiliary Circuits for Optimized Envelope Tracking

A CMOS saturated power amplifier (PA) is developed for optimally implementing the envelope-tracking (ET) transmitter. The CMOS saturated PA is used to maximize the efficiency of the ET PA. The dynamic feedback control and the biasing techniques at the gates of the common-gate stage and the common-source of the cascode structure are proposed to improve the dynamic range, linearity and efficiency. The fully-integrated CMOS PA with a supply modulator is fabricated using a 0.18- μm RF CMOS technology. For a long-term evolution signal at 1.85 GHz with a 10-MHz bandwidth and a 16-quadrature amplitude modulation 7.5 dB peak-to-average power ratio, the ET-based CMOS PA module delivers a power-added efficiency of 37.6%, an error vector magnitude of 2.4%, and an an evolved universal terrestrial radio access adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLRE-UTRA) of -36.8 dBc at an average output power of 26.5 dBm. The proposed auxiliary circuits enable the ET-based CMOS PA to provide the significantly improved performance.

[1]  M. Iwamoto,et al.  Linearity Improvement of HBT-Based Doherty Power Amplifiers Based on a Simple Analytical Model , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques.

[2]  Songcheol Hong,et al.  A WLAN RF CMOS PA With Large-Signal MGTR Method , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques.

[3]  Dongsu Kim,et al.  Wideband envelope tracking power amplifier for LTE application , 2012, 2012 IEEE Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits Symposium.

[4]  Peter M. Asbeck,et al.  A Combined Series-Parallel Hybrid Envelope Amplifier for Envelope Tracking Mobile Terminal RF Power Amplifier Applications , 2012, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits.

[5]  Dongsu Kim,et al.  Analysis of Envelope-Tracking Power Amplifier Using Mathematical Modeling , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques.

[6]  P. Draxler,et al.  Digitally Assisted Dual-Switch High-Efficiency Envelope Amplifier for Envelope-Tracking Base-Station Power Amplifiers , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques.

[7]  Chul Soon Park,et al.  A CMOS Envelope-Tracking Transmitter With an On-Chip Common-Gate Voltage Modulation Linearizer , 2014, IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters.

[8]  Jinsung Choi,et al.  A Highly Efficient and Linear Class-AB/F Power Amplifier for Multimode Operation , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques.

[9]  Peter M. Asbeck,et al.  Envelope tracking power amplifiers with reduced peak-to-average power ratio RF input signals , 2010, 2010 IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium (RWS).

[10]  Peter M. Asbeck,et al.  Design of a 4-W Envelope Tracking Power Amplifier With More Than One Octave Carrier Bandwidth , 2012, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits.

[11]  Jinsung Choi,et al.  A Polar Transmitter With CMOS Programmable Hysteretic-Controlled Hybrid Switching Supply Modulator for Multistandard Applications , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques.

[12]  Youngoo Yang,et al.  Highly linear 0.18-μm CMOS power amplifier with deep n-Well structure , 2006, IEEE J. Solid State Circuits.

[13]  Peter M. Asbeck,et al.  A CMOS dual-switching power-supply modulator with 8% efficiency improvement for 20MHz LTE Envelope Tracking RF power amplifiers , 2013, 2013 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference Digest of Technical Papers.

[14]  P. Draxler,et al.  Modeling and Design of RF Amplifiers for Envelope Tracking WCDMA Base-Station Applications , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques.

[15]  Bumman Kim,et al.  Fully Integrated CMOS Saturated Power Amplifier With Simple Digital Predistortion , 2014, IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters.

[16]  Philip K. T. Mok,et al.  A Two-Phase Switching Hybrid Supply Modulator for RF Power Amplifiers With 9% Efficiency Improvement , 2010, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits.

[17]  Bumman Kim,et al.  Control of IMD Asymmetry of CMOS Power Amplifier for Broadband Operation Using Wideband Signal , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques.

[18]  Bertan Bakkaloglu,et al.  Combined Linear and Δ-Modulated Switched-Mode PA Supply Modulator for Polar Transmitters , 2007, 2007 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference. Digest of Technical Papers.

[19]  Jinsung Choi,et al.  A Multimode/Multiband Power Amplifier With a Boosted Supply Modulator , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques.

[20]  Jangheon Kim,et al.  Behaviors of Class-F and Class- ${\hbox{F}}^{-1}$ Amplifiers , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques.

[21]  Yan Li,et al.  A SiGe Envelope-Tracking Power Amplifier With an Integrated CMOS Envelope Modulator for Mobile WiMAX/3GPP LTE Transmitters , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques.

[22]  P. Reynaert,et al.  A 1.75-GHz polar modulated CMOS RF power amplifier for GSM-EDGE , 2005, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits.

[23]  Jinsung Choi,et al.  A New Power Management IC Architecture for Envelope Tracking Power Amplifier , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques.

[24]  Bumman Kim,et al.  A Multimode/Multiband Envelope Tracking Transmitter With Broadband Saturated Amplifier , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques.

[25]  Feipeng Wang,et al.  An Improved Power-Added Efficiency 19-dBm Hybrid Envelope Elimination and Restoration Power Amplifier for 802.11g WLAN Applications , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques.

[26]  Bumman Kim,et al.  Enhanced linearity of CMOS power amplifier using adaptive common gate bias control , 2013, 2013 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest (MTT).

[27]  Bertan Bakkaloglu,et al.  A 10MHz-Bandwidth 2mV-Ripple PA-Supply Regulator for CDMA Transmitters , 2008, 2008 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference - Digest of Technical Papers.

[28]  Yan Li,et al.  A Fully Monolithic BiCMOS Envelope-Tracking Power Amplifier With On-Chip Transformer for Broadband Wireless Applications , 2012, IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters.

[29]  Yoosam Na,et al.  Integrated Bias Circuits of RF CMOS Cascode Power Amplifier for Linearity Enhancement , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques.

[30]  Dongsu Kim,et al.  A Dual Power-Mode Multi-Band Power Amplifier With Envelope Tracking for Handset Applications , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques.

[31]  Feipeng Wang,et al.  A Monolithic High-Efficiency 2.4-GHz 20-dBm SiGe BiCMOS Envelope-Tracking OFDM Power Amplifier , 2007, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits.

[32]  Bumman Kim,et al.  Linearization of CMOS Cascode Power Amplifiers Through Adaptive Bias Control , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques.

[33]  Dongsu Kim,et al.  Envelope-Tracking CMOS Power Amplifier Module for LTE Applications , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques.

[34]  Min-Chul Lee,et al.  A 2W CMOS Hybrid Switching Amplitude Modulator for EDGE Polar Transmitters , 2007, 2007 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference. Digest of Technical Papers.

[35]  Bumman Kim,et al.  Envelope-Tracking Two-Stage Power Amplifier With Dual-Mode Supply Modulator for LTE Applications , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques.

[36]  Bumman Kim,et al.  Dynamic feedback and biasing for a linear CMOS power amplifier with envelope tracking , 2014, 2014 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium (IMS2014).

[37]  D.J. Allstot,et al.  A Class-G Supply Modulator and Class-E PA in 130 nm CMOS , 2009, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits.

[38]  Sangsu Jin,et al.  A 34% PAE, 26-dBm output power envelope-tracking CMOS power amplifier for 10-MHz BW LTE applications , 2012, 2012 IEEE/MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest.

[39]  Sangsu Jin,et al.  CMOS Linear Power Amplifier with Envelope Tracking Operation ( Invited Paper ) , 2014 .

[40]  Bumman Kim,et al.  A multimode/multiband envelope tracking transmitter with broadband saturated amplifier , 2011, 2011 10th International Conference on Telecommunication in Modern Satellite Cable and Broadcasting Services (TELSIKS).

[41]  D. Maksimovic,et al.  Codesign of PA, Supply, and Signal Processing for Linear Supply-Modulated RF Transmitters , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques.

[42]  Ockgoo Lee,et al.  A Cascode Feedback Bias Technique for Linear CMOS Power Amplifiers in a Multistage Cascode Topology , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques.

[43]  F. Raab,et al.  L-band transmitter using Kahn EER technique , 1998 .

[44]  P. M. Asbeck,et al.  A Wideband CMOS/GaAs HBT Envelope Tracking Power Amplifier for 4G LTE Mobile Terminal Applications , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques.

[45]  Min-Chul Lee,et al.  A 2 W CMOS Hybrid Switching Amplitude Modulator for EDGE Polar Transmitters , 2007, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits.

[46]  Yan Li,et al.  High-Efficiency Silicon-Based Envelope-Tracking Power Amplifier Design With Envelope Shaping for Broadband Wireless Applications , 2013, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits.

[47]  Zoya Popovic,et al.  Envelope tracking transmitter system analysis method , 2010, 2010 IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium (RWS).

[48]  Bram Nauta,et al.  A Wideband Supply Modulator for 20 MHz RF Bandwidth Polar PAs in 65 nm CMOS , 2009, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits.

[49]  K.P. Weller,et al.  DC boosting effect of active bias circuits and its optimization for class-AB InGaP-GaAs HBT power amplifiers , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques.

[50]  J. Pedro,et al.  Nonlinear Distortion Analysis of Polar Transmitters , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques.

[51]  Songcheol Hong,et al.  A CMOS Power Amplifier With a Built-In RF Predistorter for Handset Applications , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques.

[52]  Jinsung Choi,et al.  Optimization for Envelope Shaped Operation of Envelope Tracking Power Amplifier , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques.