Deep submergence science takes a new approach

From 1965 to 1985, deep submergence technology and science relied heavily on human-occupied submersibles. DSV Alvin has played a significant role, both as a testbed for technical development and for conducting basic research in the water column and on the deep seafloor. Human presence is extremely valuable and still essential for many facets of deep submergence science. However, in order to permit routine access to the deep ocean for repeated measurements over long periods of time, a new class of remotely operated vehicles was needed.