Two Types of Hierarchies in Geospatial Ontologies

Geospatial ontologies contain hierarchical structures, which are either based on the taxonomy of entity classes or functions and roles these entities can take. While the taxonomic hierarchies can be extracted from noun phrases contained in the formal texts that describe the geospatial domain, the hierarchies of action concepts can be traced from the verb phrases. This paper reports a simple case study of extracting the two types of such hierarchies from formal texts of traffic code. Problems of concurrent use of both hierarchies for ontology reasoning are dis-cussed, particularly, in context of the different views on geospatial ontologies. An approach based on separation of action and entity concepts. Use of probabilistic linkages between entities and actions is discussed as a way for integration of the two views. The initial results of this approach provide a first step towards an integration of the two existing views in the geospatial domain.

[1]  Christiane Fellbaum,et al.  Book Reviews: WordNet: An Electronic Lexical Database , 1999, CL.

[2]  Steffen Staab,et al.  Semi-Automatic Engineering of Ontologies from Text , 2000, ICSE 2000.

[3]  C. A. Bean,et al.  The semantics of relationships : an interdisciplinary perspective , 2002 .

[4]  J. J. Gibson.  The theory of affordances , 1977 .

[5]  Werner Kuhn,et al.  Ontologies in support of activities in geographical space , 2001, Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Sci..

[6]  Alan Smaill,et al.  Proceedings of the 14th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence (ECAI 2000) , 2000 .

[7]  Steven A. Sloman,et al.  The HIPE Theory of Function , 2005, Functional Features in Language and Space.

[8]  Stuart N. Lane,et al.  Constructive comments on D Massey ‘Space‐time, “science” and the relationship between physical geography and human geography:rsquo; , 2001 .

[9]  Jonathan Raper,et al.  Let's get real: spatio-temporal identity and geographic entities , 2001 .

[10]  Robert Porzel,et al.  Towards Ontology-based Pragmatic Analysis , 2005 .

[11]  Ted Pedersen,et al.  Using WordNet-based Context Vectors to Estimate the Semantic Relatedness of Concepts , 2006 .

[12]  Walter Daelemans,et al.  GAMBL, genetic algorithm optimization of memory-based WSD , 2004, SENSEVAL@ACL.

[13]  Thomas R. Gruber,et al.  Toward principles for the design of ontologies used for knowledge sharing? , 1995, Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud..

[14]  D. Massey.  Space‐Time, ‘Science’ and the Relationship between Physical Geography and Human Geography , 1999 .

[15]  Alice Faulstich-Brady.  A taxonomy of inheritance semantics , 1993, Proceedings of 1993 IEEE 7th International Workshop on Software Specification and Design.

[16]  Paul Buitelaar,et al.  A Protégé Plug-In for Ontology Extraction from Text Based on Linguistic Analysis , 2004, ESWS.

[17]  Frederico T. Fonseca,et al.  Ontology-driven geographic information systems , 1999, GIS '99.

[18]  Ann Bies,et al.  The Penn Treebank: Annotating Predicate Argument Structure , 1994, HLT.

[19]  Yun Peng,et al.  BayesOWL: Uncertainty Modeling in Semantic Web Ontologies , 2006 .

[20]  Steffen Staab,et al.  International Handbooks on Information Systems , 2013 .

[21]  Ashok K. Goel,et al.  Functional representation as design rationale , 1993, Computer.

[22]  Nicola Guarino,et al.  An Overview of OntoClean , 2004, Handbook on Ontologies.

[23]  Zongmin Ma.  Soft computing in ontologies and semantic web , 2006 .

[24]  Barry Smith,et al.  SNAP and SPAN: Towards Dynamic Spatial Ontology , 2004, Spatial Cogn. Comput..

[25]  Riichiro Mizoguchi,et al.  An Ontological Model of Device Function and Its Deployment for Engineering Knowledge Sharing , 2005 .

[26]  Nicola Guarino,et al.  Formal ontology, conceptual analysis and knowledge representation , 1995, Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud..

[27]  Steffen Staab,et al.  Mining Ontologies from Text , 2000, EKAW.

[28]  R. Shaw,et al.  Perceiving, Acting and Knowing : Toward an Ecological Psychology , 1978 .

[29]  Mitsuru Ikeda,et al.  FBRL: A Function and Behavior Representation Language , 1995, IJCAI.

[30]  Barry Smith,et al.  Beyond Concepts: Ontology as Reality Representation , 2004 .

[31]  Marinos Kavouras,et al.  A method for the formalization and integration of geographical categorizations , 2002, Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Sci..

[32]  Christiane Fellbaum,et al.  On the Semantics of Troponymy , 2002 .

[33]  John F. Sowa,et al.  Conceptual Structures: Fulfilling Peirce's Dream , 1997, Lecture Notes in Computer Science.

[34]  Richard Evans,et al.  A New, Fully Automatic Version of Mitkov's Knowledge-Poor Pronoun Resolution Method , 2002, CICLing.

[35]  Alon Y. Halevy,et al.  P-CLASSIC: A Tractable Probablistic Description Logic , 1997, AAAI/IAAI.

[36]  Umberto Straccia,et al.  A Fuzzy Description Logic , 1998, AAAI/IAAI.

[37]  Barry Smith,et al.  Formal ontology, common sense and cognitive science , 1995, Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud..

[38]  N. L. Sarda,et al.  Class Structures and Lexical Similarities of Class Names for Ontology Matching , 2006, ODBIS.

[39]  Pragya Agarwal,et al.  Ontological considerations in GIScience , 2005, Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Sci..

[40]  Peter Clark,et al.  Representing roles and purpose , 2001, K-CAP '01.

[41]  Werner Kuhn,et al.  Semantic reference systems , 2003, Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Sci..

[42]  Walling R. Cyre.  Knowledge Extractor: A Tool for Extracting Knowledge from Text , 1997, ICCS.

[43]  Werner Kuhn,et al.  Modeling the Semantics of Geographic Categories through Conceptual Integration , 2002, GIScience.

[44]  Martin Raubal,et al.  Ontology-Based Task Simulation , 2004, Spatial Cogn. Comput..

[45]  Nicola Guarino,et al.  Identity, Unity, and Individuality: Towards a Formal Toolkit for Ontological Analysis , 2000, ECAI.

[46]  C. Fellbaum.  An Electronic Lexical Database , 1998 .

[47]  Andrew U. Frank.  Multiple Inheritance and Genericity for the Integration of a Database Management System in an Object-Oriented Approach , 1988, OODBS.