Revisão sobre o diagnóstico de afogamento com o uso do plâncton: teste de diatomáceas e de PCR

Resumo Afogamento e uma causa muito comum de morte em paises como o Brasil, que possuem um extenso manancial hidrico. No entanto, o diagnostico de morte por afogamento e considerado um dos mais dificeis da ciencia forense, pois os sinais comuns utilizados na autopsia podem nao estar presentes ou desaparecem rapidamente. Assim, o diagnostico atraves do plâncton foi desenvolvido para auxiliar na investigacao medico-legal de morte por afogamento. Organismos planctonicos, tais como microalgas podem ser encontrados nos orgaos internos de vitimas de afogamento por serem inaladas juntamente com a agua, passando a circulacao sanguinea atraves de pequenas lesoes nos alveolos pulmonares. O teste de diatomaceas trata da analise quantitativa e qualitativa de algas diatomaceas presentes nos tecidos internos das vitimas. A tecnica de PCR visa identificar DNA planctonico no sangue e tecidos das vitimas atraves da confeccao de primers de acordo com a comunidade planctonica presente no meio do afogamento. Este estudo apresenta uma revisao das tecnicas atuais utilizadas na area da investigacao forense de afogamentos, bem como discussoes de autores consagrados na area de biologia e genetica forense sobre a validade e utilidade do teste de diatomaceas e da tecnica de PCR para o diagnostico de morte por afogamento.

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