Wavelength division multiplexing devices with high-wavelength shift tolerance and their applications in broadband network communication applications

Wavelength division multiplexers (WDMs) with high-wavelength-shift-tolerance (HWST) are proposed for both multi-mode and single-mode regimes, based on a 1:1 magnification transmission lens imaging system combined with a Littrow grating configuration. The HWST WDMs have a high wavelength-packing-ratio; up to 1:2. In this paper, their optical properties are discussed, and related technological problems are analyzed. In addition, design and experimental results, as well as current applications for both multi- and single-mode WDM devices are provided.