Off‐diagonal magnetoimpedance in amorphous microwires for low‐field magnetic sensors

Magnetoimpedance (MI) in amorphous wires is widely used for the development of various sensors and smart composites with sensing functionalities. In the case of sensor applications, MI in off-diagonal configuration has a number of advantages including linearity, enhanced output voltage sensitivity, efficient resonance, or differential excitation schemes. In this article, we discuss the fundamentals of the off-diagonal MI in amorphous microwires, working principles, and design of miniature MI magnetic sensors. Considering the electrodynamic origin of MI, a comparison with orthogonal fluxgates is made with the purpose to suggest improvements in MI sensor design. This includes multi-wire configuration and suppression of the voltage offset caused by magnetic anisotropy helicity. New results on the heating effects reveal that the temperature stability along with sensitivity may be enhanced by annealing. The paper focus is aimed to demonstrate that the off-diagonal MI sensors have a high potential for improvements in terms of output voltage sensitivity, magnetic field resolution and temperature stability.

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