Additive Particles under Stress

Additive particles are so-called because they express that the predication holds for at least one alternative of the expression in focus (here, Pia). This is presupposed; for example, it remains an entailment when the sentence is put in the scope of a modal expressing possibility, as in It may be that Peter also invited PiaF for dinner. In (1), I added the presupposed parts in parentheses (cf Horn (1969) for presupposition and assertion of grading particles). Exclusive particles presuppose that the predication holds for the expression in focus, and assert that it does not hold for any alternative. Scalar particles assert that the predication holds for the expression in focus, and presuppose that this predication is prima facie less likely than the alternative predications. We can represent things schematically as follows:

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