In- and Out-of-Plane Ordered MAX Phases and Their MXene Derivatives

The family of MXenes has expanded since the discovery of chemical order in parent quaternary MAX phases, displaying either out-of-plane (o-MAX) or in-plane (i-MAX) order upon alloying. Through selective chemical etching of these materials, corresponding MXenes can be derived, with out-of-plane and in-plane ordering of elements, as well as with ordering of vacancies. Both o-MAX and i-MAX phases have increased the number of metals that can be incorporated in these laminated carbides and nitrides. Examples of realized MXenes with out-of-plane order are Mo2Ti2C3 and Mo2ScC2, and for in-plane ordering of vacancies, there are Mo1.33C and W1.33C. Their versatile chemistry shows a high promise for a range of applications, including energy storage and catalysis.

[1]  Y. H. Kahng,et al.  Role of interchain coupling in the metallic state of conducting polymers. , 2012, Physical review letters.

[2]  Oren D. Leaffer,et al.  On the compression behavior of Ti2InC, (Ti0.5, Zr0.5)2InC, and M2SnC (M=Ti, Nb, Hf) to quasi-hydrostatic pressures up to 50 GPa , 2009 .

[3]  A. Vojvodić,et al.  Two-Dimensional Molybdenum Carbide (MXene) as an Efficient Electrocatalyst for Hydrogen Evolution , 2016 .

[4]  M. Barsoum,et al.  Two-dimensional Mo1.33C MXene with divacancy ordering prepared from parent 3D laminate with in-plane chemical ordering , 2017, Nature Communications.

[5]  Xichao Li,et al.  Crystal structure and formation mechanism of (Cr2/3Ti1/3)3AlC2 MAX phase , 2014 .

[6]  Yoshiyuki Kawazoe,et al.  Large-gap Two-dimensional Topological Insulator in Oxygen Functionalized MXene , 2015, 1507.01172.

[7]  K. Thygesen,et al.  Two-Dimensional MXenes as Catalysts for Electrochemical Hydrogen Evolution: A Computational Screening Study , 2017 .

[8]  Liang Dong,et al.  Rational Design of Two-Dimensional Metallic and Semiconducting Spintronic Materials Based on Ordered Double-Transition-Metal MXenes. , 2017, The journal of physical chemistry letters.

[9]  Lars Hultman,et al.  Prediction and synthesis of a family of atomic laminate phases with Kagomé-like and in-plane chemical ordering , 2017, Science Advances.

[10]  Yury Gogotsi,et al.  High-Throughput Survey of Ordering Configurations in MXene Alloys Across Compositions and Temperatures. , 2017, ACS nano.

[11]  S. Ólafsson,et al.  Magnetic self-organized atomic laminate from first principles and thin film synthesis. , 2013, Physical review letters.

[12]  Julia Fernandez-Rodriguez,et al.  High‐Performance Ultrathin Flexible Solid‐State Supercapacitors Based on Solution Processable Mo1.33C MXene and PEDOT:PSS , 2018 .

[13]  John Wang,et al.  Pseudocapacitive Contributions to Electrochemical Energy Storage in TiO2 (Anatase) Nanoparticles , 2007 .

[14]  Pierre-Louis Taberna,et al.  Ultra-high-rate pseudocapacitive energy storage in two-dimensional transition metal carbides , 2017, Nature Energy.

[15]  Jianhui Yang,et al.  Tuning magnetic properties of Cr2M2C3T2 (M = Ti and V) using extensile strain , 2017 .

[16]  Majid Beidaghi,et al.  Two-Dimensional, Ordered, Double Transition Metals Carbides (MXenes). , 2015, ACS nano.

[17]  M. Barsoum,et al.  Mo2TiAlC2: A new ordered layered ternary carbide , 2015 .

[18]  Longhua Li.  Lattice dynamics and electronic structures of Ti3C2O2 and Mo2TiC2O2 (MXenes): The effect of Mo substitution , 2016 .

[19]  J. Rosen,et al.  Order and disorder in quaternary atomic laminates from first-principles calculations. , 2015, Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP.

[20]  Yoshiyuki Kawazoe,et al.  Novel Electronic and Magnetic Properties of Two‐Dimensional Transition Metal Carbides and Nitrides , 2013 .

[21]  Yury Gogotsi,et al.  2D metal carbides and nitrides (MXenes) for energy storage , 2017 .

[22]  Yury Gogotsi,et al.  Control of electronic properties of 2D carbides (MXenes) by manipulating their transition metal layers. , 2016, Nanoscale horizons.

[23]  Jianhui Yang,et al.  Tunable electronic and magnetic properties of Cr2M′C2T2 (M′ = Ti or V; T = O, OH or F) , 2016 .

[24]  Jun Lu,et al.  Origin of Chemically Ordered Atomic Laminates ( i-MAX): Expanding the Elemental Space by a Theoretical/Experimental Approach. , 2018, ACS nano.

[25]  A. Vojvodić,et al.  Tuning the Basal Plane Functionalization of Two-Dimensional Metal Carbides (MXenes) To Control Hydrogen Evolution Activity , 2017 .

[26]  J. Halim,et al.  Investigation of vacancy-ordered Mo1.33C MXene from first principles and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy , 2017 .

[27]  M. Barsoum,et al.  Tailoring Structure, Composition, and Energy Storage Properties of MXenes from Selective Etching of In-Plane, Chemically Ordered MAX Phases. , 2018, Small.

[28]  Y. Zhou,et al.  Strengthening of Ti2AlC by substituting Ti with V , 2005 .

[29]  Brian C. Hosler,et al.  Experimental and theoretical characterization of ordered MAX phases Mo2TiAlC2 and Mo2Ti2AlC3 , 2015 .

[30]  Jun Lu,et al.  Theoretical stability and materials synthesis of a chemically ordered MAX phase, Mo2ScAlC2, and its two-dimensional derivate Mo2ScC2 MXene , 2017 .

[31]  Yury Gogotsi,et al.  NMR reveals the surface functionalisation of Ti3C2 MXene. , 2016, Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP.

[32]  Yury Gogotsi,et al.  25th Anniversary Article: MXenes: A New Family of Two‐Dimensional Materials , 2014, Advanced materials.

[33]  Mohammad Khazaei,et al.  Topological insulators in the ordered double transition metals M 2 ′ M ″ C 2 MXenes ( M ′ = Mo , W; M ″ = Ti , Zr, Hf) , 2016, 1609.03649.

[34]  Jagjit Nanda,et al.  Synthesis and Characterization of 2D Molybdenum Carbide (MXene) , 2016 .

[35]  M. Barsoum,et al.  Synthesis and mechanical properties of Nb2AlC and (Ti,Nb)2AlC , 2002 .

[36]  Shixuan Li,et al.  W‐Based Atomic Laminates and Their 2D Derivative W1.33C MXene with Vacancy Ordering , 2018, Advanced materials.

[37]  Jian Zhou,et al.  Quantum spin Hall phase in Mo2M2C3O2 (M = Ti, Zr, Hf) MXenes , 2016 .

[38]  Husam N. Alshareef,et al.  Thermoelectric Properties of Two-Dimensional Molybdenum-Based MXenes , 2017 .

[39]  J. Vleugels,et al.  Synthesis of MAX Phases in the Zr-Ti-Al-C System. , 2017, Inorganic chemistry.

[40]  Fei Wang,et al.  Theoretical Prediction and Synthesis of (Cr2/3Zr1/3)2AlC i-MAX Phase. , 2018, Inorganic chemistry.

[41]  V. Presser,et al.  Two-Dimensional Molybdenum Carbide (MXene) with Divacancy Ordering for Brackish and Seawater Desalination via Cation and Anion Intercalation , 2018 .

[42]  J. Rosen,et al.  An investigation of the in-plane chemically ordered atomic laminates (Mo2/3Sc1/3)2AlC and (Mo2/3Y1/3)2AlC from first principles. , 2017, Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP.

[43]  Xiqian Yu,et al.  Probing the Mechanism of High Capacitance in 2D Titanium Carbide Using In Situ X‐Ray Absorption Spectroscopy , 2015 .

[44]  Jinlan Wang,et al.  Searching for Highly Active Catalysts for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Based on O-Terminated MXenes through a Simple Descriptor , 2016 .

[45]  F. Porcher,et al.  Ordering of (Cr,V) Layers in Nanolamellar (Cr0.5V0.5)n+1AlCn Compounds , 2015 .

[46]  Yury Gogotsi,et al.  Conductive two-dimensional titanium carbide ‘clay’ with high volumetric capacitance , 2014, Nature.