Characterization of on-road vehicle emissions in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area using a mobile laboratory in chase and fleet average measurement modes during the MCMA-2003 field campaign

A mobile laboratory was used to measure on- road vehicle emission ratios during the MCMA-2003 field campaign held during the spring of 2003 in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA). The measured emission ratios represent a sample of emissions of in-use vehicles under real world driving conditions for the MCMA. From the rel- ative amounts of NOx and selected VOC's sampled, the re- sults indicate that the technique is capable of differentiating among vehicle categories and fuel type in real world driv- ing conditions. Emission ratios for NOx, NOy, NH3, H2CO, CH3CHO, and other selected volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are presented for chase sampled vehicles in the form of frequency distributions as well as estimates for the fleet av- eraged emissions. Our measurements of emission ratios for both CNG and gasoline powered "colectivos" (public trans- portation buses that are intensively used in the MCMA) indi- cate that - in a mole per mole basis - have significantly larger NOx and aldehydes emissions ratios as compared to other sampled vehicles in the MCMA. Similarly, ratios of selected VOCs and NOy showed a strong dependence on traffic mode. These results are compared with the vehicle emissions inven- tory for the MCMA, other vehicle emissions measurements in the MCMA, and measurements of on-road emissions in U.S. cities. We estimate NOx emissions as 100 600±29 200 metric tons per year for light duty gasoline vehicles in the MCMA for 2003. According to these results, annual NOx emissions estimated in the emissions inventory for this cate- gory are within the range of our estimated NOx annual emis- sions. Our estimates for motor vehicle emissions of benzene, toluene, formaldehyde, and acetaldehyde in the MCMA in- dicate these species are present in concentrations higher than previously reported. The high motor vehicle aldehyde emis- sions may have an impact on the photochemistry of urban areas.

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