Global Oceans

Trends in the 0–700-m layer all agree within their 5%–95% confidence intervals. However, as noted in previous reports, the trends in the 700–2000-m layer, which is quite sparsely sampled prior to the start of the Argo era (circa 2005), do not all overlap within uncertainties. Different methods for dealing with under-sampled regions likely cause this disagreement. Using repeat hydrographic section data collected from 1981 to 2021 to update the estimate of Purkey and Johnson (2010) for 2000–6000 m, the linear trend is 0.07 (±0.03) W m −2 from September 1992 to January 2012 (these dates are global average times of first and last sampling of the sections). Summing the three layers (despite their slightly different time periods as given above), the full-depth ocean heat gain rate ranges from 0.64 to 0.80 W m −2 applied to Earth’s entire surface.

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