Learning to Use Visual Information

This study explored the process underlying the learning of goal-directed displacement when the available information is constrained to visual information. Information from body senses (vestibular and proprioceptive) was removed by asking the participants to manipulate a joystick in order to move forward through successive virtual hallways and to cross pairs of oscillating doors. Participants' behavior was examined at 3 key periods of the learning process: (a) before training, (b) after 350 trials, and (c) after 750 trials. The results emphasize some perceptual-motor transformations comparable to the ones observed when learning active goal-directed locomotion. This study accentuates not only the relevance of visual information for the learning of goal-directed locomotion but also the mutual influence of perception and action on the produced changes.

[1]  William H. Warren,et al.  Optic flow is used to control human walking , 2001, Nature Neuroscience.

[2]  N. A. Bernshteĭn.  The co-ordination and regulation of movements , 1967 .

[3]  Rob Withagen,et al.  The Calibration of Walking Transfers to Crawling: Are Action Systems Calibrated? , 2002 .

[4]  J. Pailhous,et al.  Unintentional modulations of human gait by optical flow , 1990, Behavioural Brain Research.

[5]  William H Warren,et al.  Path Integration from Optic Flow and Body Senses in a Homing Task , 2002, Perception.

[6]  Gilles Montagne,et al.  The learning of goal-directed locomotion: a perception-action perspective. , 2003, The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. A, Human experimental psychology.

[7]  D. M. Jacobs,et al.  Learning to visually perceive the relative mass of colliding balls in globally and locally constrained task ecologies. , 2001, Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance.

[8]  M A Scott,et al.  Expertise and the regulation of gait in the approach phase of the long jump. , 1997, Journal of sports sciences.

[9]  J. Thomson.  How do we use visual information to control locomotion? , 1980, Trends in Neurosciences.

[10]  G. Montagne,et al.  Temporal information for spatially constrained locomotion , 2002, Experimental Brain Research.

[11]  T. Stoffregen,et al.  On specification and the senses , 2001, Behavioral and Brain Sciences.

[12]  V Cavallo,et al.  How is gait visually regulated when the head is travelling faster than the legs? , 1988, Journal of motor behavior.

[13]  Julie M. Harris,et al.  Guidance of locomotion on foot uses perceived target location rather than optic flow , 1998, Current Biology.

[14]  M. G. Wade,et al.  Visual regulation of gait in bipedal locomotion: revisiting Lee, Lishman, and Thomson (1982). , 1994, Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance.

[15]  J. Gibson.  Visually controlled locomotion and visual orientation in animals. , 1998, British journal of psychology.

[16]  Richard M Wilkie,et al.  Driving as Night Falls The Contribution of Retinal Flow and Visual Direction to the Control of Steering , 2002, Current Biology.

[17]  Anne E. Garing,et al.  Calibration of human locomotion and models of perceptual-motor organization. , 1995, Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance.

[18]  Paul A. Braren,et al.  How We Avoid Collisions With Stationary and Moving Obstacles , 2004 .

[19]  David N. Lee,et al.  Regulation of gait in long jumping. , 1982 .

[20]  J. Gibson.  The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception , 1979 .

[21]  A Berthoz,et al.  Development of Anticipatory Orienting Strategies During Locomotor Tasks in Children , 1998, Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews.

[22]  William H. Warren,et al.  Visually Controlled Locomotion: 40 years Later , 1998 .

[23]  M. G. Wade,et al.  Visual regulation of gait in bipedal locomotion: revisiting Lee, Lishman, and Thomson (1982). , 1994 .

[24]  D. M. Jacobs,et al.  Learning to perceive the relative mass of colliding balls: The effects of ratio scaling and feedback , 2000, Perception & psychophysics.

[25]  Heinrich H. Bülthoff,et al.  Visual Homing Is Possible Without Landmarks: A Path Integration Study in Virtual Reality , 2002, Presence: Teleoperators & Virtual Environments.