2 D-3 D Hybrid Face Recognition Based on PCA and Feature Modelling

Hybrid face recognition, using image (2D) and structural (3D) information, has explored the fusion of Nearest Neighbour classifiers. This paper examines the effectiveness of feature modelling for each individual modality, 2D and 3D. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the fusion of feature modelling techniques for the 2D and 3D modalities yields performance improvements over the individual classifiers. By fusing the feature modelling classifiers for each modality with equal weights the average Equal Error Rate improves from 12.60% for the 2D classifier and 12.10% for the 3D classifier to 7.38% for the Hybrid 2D+3D clasiffier.

[1]  David G. Stork,et al.  Pattern classification, 2nd Edition , 2000 .

[2]  Bruce A. Draper,et al.  Analyzing PCA-based Face Recognition Algorithms: Eigenvector Selection and Distance Measures , 2003 .

[3]  Simon Lucey.  The Symbiotic Relationship of Parts and Monolithic Face Representations in Verification , 2004, 2004 Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshop.

[4]  Douglas A. Reynolds,et al.  Speaker identification and verification using Gaussian mixture speaker models , 1995, Speech Commun..

[5]  Thomas Vetter,et al.  Face Recognition Based on Fitting a 3D Morphable Model , 2003, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[6]  Patrick J. Flynn,et al.  Face Recognition Using 2 D and 3 D Facial Data , 2003 .

[7]  Patrick J. Flynn,et al.  A survey of approaches to three-dimensional face recognition , 2004, ICPR 2004.

[8]  Luís A. Alexandre,et al.  On combining classifiers using sum and product rules , 2001, Pattern Recognit. Lett..

[9]  Vinod Chandran,et al.  Improving Face Localisation using Claimed Identity for Face Verification , 2004 .

[10]  M. Turk,et al.  Eigenfaces for Recognition , 1991, Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience.

[11]  Sridha Sridharan,et al.  Gabor Filter Bank Representation for 3D Face Recognition , 2005, Digital Image Computing: Techniques and Applications (DICTA'05).

[12]  Chin-Seng Chua,et al.  Facial feature detection and face recognition from 2D and 3D images , 2002, Pattern Recognit. Lett..

[13]  Michael M. Bronstein.  Expression-invariant 3D face recognition , 2008 .

[14]  Sridha Sridharan,et al.  Face recognition from 3D data using Iterative Closest Point algorithm and Gaussian mixture models , 2004 .

[15]  Patrick J. Flynn,et al.  Overview of the face recognition grand challenge , 2005, 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'05).

[16]  Sridha Sridharan,et al.  Dependence of GMM adaptation on feature post-processing for speaker recognition , 2003, INTERSPEECH.

[17]  P. Jonathon Phillips,et al.  Face Recognition Vendor Test 2002: Overview and Summary , 2003 .