Probit Models for Ranking Data

In 1980, the American Psychological Association (APA) conducted an election in which five candidates (A, B, C, D, and E) were running for president and voters were asked to rank order all of the candidates. Candidates A and B are research psychologists, C is a community psychologist, and D and E are clinical psychologists. Among those voters, 5738 gave complete rankings. These complete rankings are considered here (Diaconis (1988)). Note that lower rank implies more favorable. Then the average ranks received by candidates A, B, C, D, and E are 2.84, 3.16, 2.92, 3.09, and 2.99, respectively. This means that voters generally prefer candidate A the most, candidate C the second, etc. However, in order to make inferences on the preferences of the candidates, modeling of the ranking data is needed. In Sect. 9.1 we consider a model for this data which takes into account covariates.

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