Severity evaluation of the transverse crack in a cylindrical part using a PZT wafer based on an interval energy approach

Transverse cracks in cylindrical parts can be detected by using the ultrasound based pulse–echo method, which has been widely used in industrial applications. However, it is still a challenge to identify the echoes reflected by a crack and bottom surfaces of a cylindrical part due to the multi-path propagation and wave mode conversion. In this paper, an interval energy approach is proposed to evaluate the severity of the transverse crack in a cylindrical part. Lead zirconate titanate patch transducers are used to generate the ultrasound pulse and to detect the echoes. The echo signals are preprocessed and divided into two zones, the normal reflection zone and the crack reflection zone. Two energy factors evaluating the severity of the crack are computed based on the interval energy. When using this proposed method, it is not necessary to identify the echo sources since all the crack and boundary echoes are automatically taken into consideration by using the proposed method. The experimental results indicate that proposed approach is more suitable and sensitive to evaluate the transverse crack severity of cylindrical part than the traditional method.

[1]  Jahan Tavakkoli,et al.  A new algorithm for time-delay estimation in ultrasonic echo signals [Correspondence] , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control.

[2]  Krishnan Balasubramaniam,et al.  Shear-wave time of flight diffraction (S-TOFD) technique , 2006 .

[4]  Philippe Micheau,et al.  Long Range Detection of Defects in Composite Plates Using Lamb Waves Generated and Detected by Ultrasonic Phased Array Probes , 2013 .

[5]  Kyungmi Lee,et al.  A Hybrid Classification Approach to Ultrasonic Shaft Signals , 2004, Australian Conference on Artificial Intelligence.

[6]  Javier García-Martín,et al.  Non-Destructive Techniques Based on Eddy Current Testing , 2011, Sensors.

[7]  G. Song,et al.  Crack detection and leakage monitoring on reinforced concrete pipe , 2015 .

[8]  Yong Lv,et al.  Fault Diagnosis of Rolling Bearing Based on Fast Nonlocal Means and Envelop Spectrum , 2015, Sensors.

[9]  Krishnan Balasubramaniam,et al.  An Ultrasonic Time of Flight Diffraction Technique for Characterization of Surface-Breaking Inclined Cracks , 2009 .

[10]  Kyungmi Lee,et al.  Feature extraction and gating techniques for ultrasonic shaft signal classification , 2007, Appl. Soft Comput..

[11]  T. Jayakumar,et al.  Infrared thermography for condition monitoring – A review , 2013 .

[12]  Gangbing Song,et al.  Smart aggregates: multi-functional sensors for concrete structures—a tutorial and a review , 2008 .

[13]  Gangbing Song,et al.  Proof-of-concept study of monitoring bolt connection status using a piezoelectric based active sensing method , 2013 .

[14]  Young Eui Kwon,et al.  Review of magnetostrictive patch transducers and applications in ultrasonic nondestructive testing of waveguides. , 2015, Ultrasonics.

[15]  J. Krautkrämer,et al.  Ultrasonic Testing of Materials , 1969 .

[16]  Tsuyoshi Ogawa,et al.  Defect Detection in Thick Weld Structure Using Welding In-Process Laser Ultrasonic Testing System , 2014 .

[17]  M. Elforjani,et al.  Detecting natural crack initiation and growth in slow speed shafts with the Acoustic Emission technology , 2009 .

[18]  Krishnan Balasubramaniam,et al.  Sizing of surface-breaking cracks in complex geometry components by ultrasonic Time-of-Flight Diffraction (TOFD) technique , 2007 .

[19]  R. Gordon Kirk,et al.  Cracked shaft detection and diagnostics: A literature review , 2004 .