An aerosol chemical reactor for coating metal oxide particles with (NH4)2SO4–H2SO4–H2O III. Manipulation of the sulfate coating

Abstract One important chemical and morphological class of atmospheric particles consists of mineral dusts contained as inclusions in crystalline and aqueous sulfate particles. The mineral dust surface plays an important role in regulating the sulfate phase by providing a surface for the heterogeneous nucleation of the crystal from supersaturated aqueous sulfate phases. In principle, the efficacy of mineral dusts in promoting phase transitions can be investigated through laboratory process studies. To do so, however, a particle generator is necessary. The present work describes the generation of metal oxide particles (viz. α-Fe 2 O 3 , α-Al 2 O 3 , Al 6 Si 2 O 13 , and amorphous SiO 2 ) coated by (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 . The diameter of the oxide core and the thickness of the sulfate coating are regulated from 30 to 400 nm and 13 to 81 nm, respectively. Sizing is based upon aerosol particles collected by electrostatic precipitation and subsequently imaged by transmission electron microscopy. Depending on reactor conditions, the fraction of particles containing a metal oxide core varies from 0.01 to 0.86, as inferred from number size distributions measured with a scanning mobility particle sizer. The single most important reactor variable affecting fraction of particles containing a metal oxide core is the total sulfate loading. No dependencies on the effects of different chemical surface properties of the metal oxide particles on the coating process have been observed in our laboratory to date. Rather, the number size distribution of metal oxide core particles appears important without regard to chemical surface properties.

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