Primary Objects, Secondary Objects, and Antidative

Languages differ as to whether they are accusative or ergative. In other words, grammatical rules in some languages are sensitive to the distinction between Subjects and Objects; in others, to the distinction between ergatives and absolutives. The central thesis of this paper is that, similarly, rules in some languages are sensitive to the distinction between Direct Objects and Indirect Objects; but in others, they are sensitive to a distinction between PRIMARY and SECONDARY OBJECTS. A Primary Object is an Indirect Object in a ditransitive clause or a Direct Object in a monotransitive clause, while a Secondary Object is a Direct Object in a ditransitive clause.*

[1]  A grammar of the Adamawa dialect of the Fulani language (Fulfulde) , 1953 .

[2]  Leonard Bloomfield,et al.  Eastern Ojibwa: Grammatical Sketch, Texts and Word List , 1957 .

[3]  Lili E. Rabel.  Khasi, a language of Assam , 1963 .

[4]  R. Robins,et al.  A Vietnamese grammar , 1966 .

[5]  Noam Chomsky,et al.  The Sound Pattern of English , 1968 .

[6]  Ray Jackendoff,et al.  Semantic Interpretation in Generative Grammar , 1972 .

[7]  Austin Hale.  Clause, sentence, and discourse patterns in selected languages of Nepal 4: Word lists , 1973 .

[8]  James A. Matisoff.  The grammar of Lahu , 1978 .

[9]  Richard A. Rhodes,et al.  The morphosyntax of the Central Ojibwa verb , 1976 .

[10]  P. Postal.  Antipassive in French , 1977 .

[11]  Charles W. Kisseberth,et al.  The Object Relationship in Chi-Mwi:ni, A Bantu Language , 1977 .

[12]  John M. Lawler,et al.  A Agrees with B in Achenese:: A Problem for Relational Grammar , 1977 .

[13]  Paul M. Postal,et al.  Toward a Universal Characterization of Passivization , 1977 .

[14]  David Edward Johnson.  Toward a theory of relationally based grammar , 1979 .

[15]  Joseph E. Emonds,et al.  A Transformational Approach to English Syntax: Root, Structure-Preserving, and Local Transformations , 1978 .

[16]  T. Givón,et al.  On Understanding Grammar , 1979 .

[17]  S. Thompson,et al.  Transitivity in Grammar and Discourse , 1980 .

[18]  David E. Johnson,et al.  Arc Pair Grammar , 1980 .

[19]  Alexandre Kimenyi,et al.  A relational grammar of Kinyarwanda , 1980 .

[20]  Bernard Comrie.  Ergativity and grammatical relations in kalaw lagaw ya (saibai dialect) , 1981 .

[21]  Noam Chomsky,et al.  Lectures on Government and Binding , 1981 .

[22]  Passive and Inversion in Kannada , 1982 .

[23]  3->2 Advancement, Beneficiary Advancement, and With , 1982 .

[24]  David M. Perlmutter.  Syntactic Representation, Syntactic Levels, and the Notion of Subject , 1982 .

[25]  Paul M. Postal,et al.  Some Arc Pair Grammar Descriptions , 1982 .

[26]  Alice C. Harris,et al.  Georgian and the Unaccusative Hypothesis , 1982 .

[27]  Edith A. Moravcsik,et al.  Current Approaches to Syntax , 1982 .

[28]  Noel Rude,et al.  Promotion and Topicality of Nez Perce Objects , 1982 .

[29]  L. Angeles,et al.  SYNTACTIC RELATIONS IN WESTERN MUSKOGEAN: A TYPOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE , 1982 .

[30]  F. J. F. Wordick.  The Yindjibarndi language , 1982 .

[31]  T. Givón,et al.  Syntax: A Functional-Typological Introduction , 1982 .

[32]  On the Plains Cree Passive: An Analysis of Syntactic and Lexical Rules , 1982 .

[33]  David R. Dowty.  Grammatical Relations and Montague Grammar , 1982 .

[34]  John A. Hawkins,et al.  Word order universals , 1983 .

[35]  R. Oehrle,et al.  Books Awaiting Review , 1984, CL.

[36]  E. Jelinek.  Empty categories, case, and configurationality , 1984 .

[37]  Donald G. Frantz,et al.  Noun Incorporation in Southern Tiwa , 1984, International Journal of American Linguistics.

[38]  T. Hoekstra.  Transitivity : grammatical relations in government-binding theory , 1984 .

[39]  F. Newmeyer.  Linguistic Theory in America: Second Edition , 1986 .

[40]  Frans Plank.  Objects : towards a theory of grammatical relations , 1986 .