Single-Cell Omics in Crop Plants: Opportunities and Challenges

Abstract Omics studies in plants have helped in the molecular characterization of whole plants or their organs. However, these studies lack information on cellular behavior, cell-to-cell variations, and distinct molecular program(s) operational in individual cells. As an enormous variability exists owing to the type and developmental stage of plant cell/tissue(s), the multidimensionality and complexity of cellular responses in plants towards the environment and growth stages requires descaling to single-cell-type omics technologies to dissect the complex responses to obtain concrete information of components at the ultrastructural, subcellular, or organellar hierarchies of the genome, transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome pathways. Further, single-cell multiomics studies aiming at simultaneous extraction and analysis of different analyte biomolecules in a cell will help in validating the relative changes occurring in a cell to a specific event or elicitor. The integration of the four different omics data and development of an interactome having nodes and edges will then help in designing a comprehensive regulatory system operating in an individual cell. The near complete integrative information on the working and operations of emphatic plant biological systems will furnish us with the ingenuity to design climate-ready resilient crops to cope with the aberrant environmental stresses.

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