Immobilization of glucose oxidase on ZnO nanorods decorated electrolyte-gated field effect transistor for glucose detection

In this paper, we report on growth of ZnO nanorods on the surface of gold interdigital electrodes and its implementation as a conductive n-type channel for the fabrication of a liquid-gated field effect transistor. Glucose oxidase was immobilized on the surface of the ZnO nanorods and the fabricated device was used as a four-electrode glucose biosensor. The resistance of the conductive channel was affected by addition of glucose. The applied bias voltage to the gate in the fabricated device affects the channel resistance in the same manner as the increase of enzymatic products during the glucose oxidation. Large effective area, good conductivity, and biocompatibility properties of ZnO nanorods are the key features in this highly sensitive and stable biosensor. Our measurements showed that the threshold voltage of transistor was about 0.75 V. The current increased in the presence of the glucose and exhibited a dynamic linear range with the logarithm of glucose concentration in the range between 0.01 and 5 mM. The detection limit was about 3.8 μM.

[1]  B. Karimi,et al.  Electrochemical Behavior of Glucose Oxidase Immobilized on Pd-Nanoparticles Decorated Ionic Liquid Derived Fibrillated Mesoporous Carbon , 2014 .

[2]  M. J. Rost,et al.  Pushing the limits of SPM , 2005 .

[3]  M. Kolahdouz,et al.  Highly selective and responsive ultra-violet detection using an improved phototransistor , 2015 .

[4]  Anthony P F Turner,et al.  Biosensors: sense and sensibility. , 2013, Chemical Society reviews.

[5]  M. Kolahdouz,et al.  Fabrication, modeling and simulation of high sensitivity capacitive humidity sensors based on ZnO nanorods , 2016 .

[6]  M. Kolahdouz,et al.  Low temperature carving of ZnO nanorods into nanotubes for dye-sensitized solar cell application , 2015 .

[7]  Zhaoxia Ji,et al.  ZnO nano-array-based EGFET biosensor for glucose detection , 2015 .

[8]  Donald G. Buerk,et al.  Biosensors: Theory and Applications , 1995 .

[9]  P. Kamath,et al.  Electrodeposition of ZnO coatings from aqueous Zn(NO3)2 baths: effect of Zn concentration, deposition temperature, and time on orientation , 2012, Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry.

[10]  M. Willander,et al.  Glucose Detection With a Commercial MOSFET Using a ZnO Nanowires Extended Gate , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology.

[11]  Jin Wook Park,et al.  High-performance field-effect transistor-type glucose biosensor based on nanohybrids of carboxylated polypyrrole nanotube wrapped graphene sheet transducer , 2015 .

[12]  Josep Samitier,et al.  FET‐Based Chemical Sensor Systems Fabricated with Standard Technologies , 2004 .

[13]  Rafiq Ahmad,et al.  A comprehensive biosensor integrated with a ZnO nanorod FET array for selective detection of glucose, cholesterol and urea. , 2015, Chemical communications.

[14]  Hyeonseok Yoon,et al.  Field-effect-transistor sensor based on enzyme-functionalized polypyrrole nanotubes for glucose detection. , 2008, The journal of physical chemistry. B.

[15]  Shu-Ching Ho,et al.  Investigation of a Photoelectrochemical Passivated ZnO-Based Glucose Biosensor , 2011, Sensors.

[16]  P. Kamath,et al.  Electrochemical synthesis of ZnO coatings from water–isopropanol mixed baths: control over oriented crystallization , 2010 .

[17]  R. Tummala,et al.  Electrochemical Biosensors and Microfluidics in Organic System-on-Package Technology , 2007, 2007 Proceedings 57th Electronic Components and Technology Conference.

[18]  S. Gosavi,et al.  Optical and photovoltaic properties of temperature-dependent synthesis of ZnO nanobelts, nanoplates, and nanorods , 2015, Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry.

[19]  M. Kolahdouz,et al.  Fabrication of a liquid-gated enzyme field effect device for sensitive glucose detection. , 2016, Analytica chimica acta.

[20]  Anthony Turner,et al.  Current trends in biosensor research and development , 1989 .

[21]  Ashok Mulchandani,et al.  Nanowire‐Based Electrochemical Biosensors , 2006 .

[22]  Hoi Sing Kwok,et al.  OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF EPITAXIALLY GROWN ZINC OXIDE FILMS ON SAPPHIRE BY PULSED LASER DEPOSITION , 1999 .

[23]  Sam F. Y. Li,et al.  A high-performance glucose biosensor based on monomolecular layer of glucose oxidase covalently immobilised on indium-tin oxide surface. , 2003, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[24]  Oh Seok Kwon,et al.  Hsp90-functionalized polypyrrole nanotube FET sensor for anti-cancer agent detection. , 2010, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[25]  George G. Malliaras,et al.  Microfluidic gating of an organic electrochemical transistor , 2005 .

[26]  Yunfei Liu,et al.  Seed layer-free electrodeposition and characterization of vertically aligned ZnO nanorod array film , 2009 .

[27]  M. Kolahdouz,et al.  Thermoelectric energy harvesting using array of vertically aligned Al-doped ZnO nanorods , 2016 .

[28]  Zhifeng Liu,et al.  Effects of substrates and seed layers on solution growing ZnO nanorods , 2010 .

[29]  Sigeru Omatu,et al.  Zinc oxide ion‐sensitive field‐effect transistors and biosensors , 2014 .

[30]  Z. Fan,et al.  Chemical sensing with ZnO nanowire , 2005, 5th IEEE Conference on Nanotechnology, 2005..

[31]  Zhong Lin Wang.  Zinc oxide nanostructures: growth, properties and applications , 2004 .

[32]  Xiaosong Du,et al.  Glucose Sensing Using Functionalized Amorphous In-Ga-Zn-O Field-Effect Transistors. , 2016, ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces.

[33]  Jianqiang Hu,et al.  Synthesis, characterization, and biosensing application of ZnO/SnO2 heterostructured nanomaterials , 2012, Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry.

[34]  P. Krtil,et al.  The effect of cationic disorder on the optical and electrochemical behavior of nanocrystalline ZnO preparedfrom peroxide precursors , 2006 .

[35]  Shui-Tong Lee,et al.  ZnO Nanotube Arrays as Biosensors for Glucose , 2009 .

[36]  Y. Miyahara,et al.  Glucose-sensitive field effect transistor using totally synthetic compounds , 2009 .

[37]  M. Kolahdouz,et al.  Light-Emitting n-ZnO Nanotube/n+-GaAs Heterostructures Processed at Low Temperatures , 2015, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[38]  Paolo Colombo,et al.  Liposome sensing and monitoring by organic electrochemical transistors integrated in microfluidics. , 2013, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[39]  Ching-Ting Lee,et al.  Photoelectrochemical passivated ZnO-based nanorod structured glucose biosensors using gate-recessed AlGaN/GaN ion-sensitive field-effect-transistors , 2015 .

[40]  John H T Luong,et al.  Biosensor technology: technology push versus market pull. , 2008, Biotechnology advances.