Sol-gel overview: transparent, microporous silica, its synthesis and characterization

Transparent silica gels have been fabricated for some time now with bulk densities ranging from less than 10% to near 100%. What is remarkable is that these materials in bulk form have high visible light transmission over this wide range of consolidation. The conditions under which the sol-gel process are carried out, the rates of chemical reactions, drying procedures and heat treatments all influence the glass structure at the submolecular level and all play a role in determining whether or not the gel is transparent.

[1]  Ramu V. Ramaswamy,et al.  Gel Silica Waveguides , 1988, Photonics West - Lasers and Applications in Science and Engineering.

[2]  Masayuki Nogami,et al.  Microcrystalline PbS doped silica glasses prepared by the sol-gel process , 1990 .

[3]  S. Satoh,et al.  New optical fibre fabrication method , 1982 .

[4]  C. Brinker,et al.  Defects in gel-derived glasses , 1985 .

[5]  D. Ganguli,et al.  A sol-gel-derived antireflective coating on optical glass for near-infrared applications , 1989 .

[6]  T. A. King,et al.  Characterisation of doped sol-gel derived silica hosts for use in tunable glass lasers , 1989 .

[7]  Masayuki Nogami,et al.  Preparation and Nonlinear Optical Properties of Quantum-Sized CuCl-Doped Silica Glass by the Sol–Gel Process , 1991 .

[8]  L. Klein,et al.  Electron-spin-resonance (ESR) study of sol-gel glasses , 1985 .

[9]  Lisa C. Klein,et al.  Transparent Microporous Silica By The Sol-Gel Process , 1984, Optics & Photonics.

[10]  S. Sakka,et al.  The sol-gel transition in the hydrolysis of metal alkoxides in relation to the formation of glass fibers and films , 1982 .

[11]  B. E. Yoldas.  Monolithic glass formation by chemical polymerization , 1979 .

[12]  J. Phalippou,et al.  Synthesis of monolithic silica gels by hypercritical solvent evacuation , 1984 .

[13]  Claudio Rottman,et al.  Doped sol-gel glasses as chemical sensors , 1990 .

[14]  Lisa C. Klein,et al.  Monolithic dried gels , 1982 .

[15]  S. M. Melpolder,et al.  Sol-gel chemistry studied by 1H and 29Si nuclear magnetic resonance , 1986 .

[16]  L. Hench,et al.  The Processing and Characterization of DCCA Modified Gel-Derived Silica , 1984 .

[17]  L. L. Hench,et al.  Gel-Silica Optics , 1988, Photonics West - Lasers and Applications in Science and Engineering.

[18]  C. Brinker,et al.  Sol → gel → glass: I. Gelation and gel structure , 1985 .

[19]  John Gill,et al.  Porous optical composites , 1990, Optics & Photonics.

[20]  J. Mackenzie,et al.  Sol-gel processing of silica: I. The role of the starting compounds , 1986 .

[21]  M. A. Morelli,et al.  Raman and infrared spectra on silica gel evolving toward glass , 1982 .

[22]  J. Mackenzie,et al.  Nd-doped silica glass I: Structural evolution in the sol-gel state , 1988 .

[23]  David Avnir,et al.  Effects of the changes in the properties of silica cage along the gel/xerogel transition on the photochromic behavior of trapped spiropyrans , 1988 .

[24]  Masayuki Yamane,et al.  Graded index materials by the sol-gel process , 1990, Optics & Photonics.

[25]  H. de Lambilly,et al.  Transparent Microporous Silica Fibers by the Sol-Gel Process , 1986, Optics & Photonics.