Constant power loads: A solution using sliding mode control

Rapidly increasing penetration of renewable energy sources into conventional power distribution systems has led to the rise in power electronic converter dominated power distribution systems. However, it has been a well established that the presence of tightly regulated point-of-load (POL) converters in the power distribution system, which act as Constant Power Loads (CPLs), cause serious stability challenge in spite of ensuring stability of individual converters. In this paper, we propose a sliding-mode controller with a non-linear sliding surface to mitigate negative impedance instabilities caused by the CPLs in dc distribution systems (dc Micro-grids). The stability of proposed surface and existence of sliding modes are proved. A simplified structure of a dc micro-grid system with dc/dc boost converter and CPL is used for the implementation of the proposed controller. Proposed controller is able to mitigate negative impedance instabilities and ensures stable operation of dc micro-grid system under various disturbances. The performance of the proposed controller, under steady state, line and load variations are validated through simulations in MATLAB Simulink environment.

[1]  Stanley R Huddy,et al.  Amplitude Death Solutions for Stabilization of DC Microgrids With Instantaneous Constant-Power Loads , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[2]  A.B. Jusoh,et al.  The instability effect of constant power loads , 2004, PECon 2004. Proceedings. National Power and Energy Conference, 2004..

[3]  B. Nahid-Mobarakeh,et al.  Large Signal Stability Analysis Tools in DC Power Systems With Constant Power Loads and Variable Power Loads—A Review , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[4]  A Kwasinski,et al.  Dynamic Behavior and Stabilization of DC Microgrids With Instantaneous Constant-Power Loads , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[5]  Gerald J. Lieberman,et al.  Introduction to operation research. , 2001 .

[6]  Hasan Komurcugil,et al.  Adaptive terminal sliding-mode control strategy for DC-DC buck converters. , 2012, ISA transactions.

[7]  Aaas News,et al.  Book Reviews , 1893, Buffalo Medical and Surgical Journal.

[8]  Ali Emadi,et al.  Active Damping in DC/DC Power Electronic Converters: A Novel Method to Overcome the Problems of Constant Power Loads , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[9]  Daniel J. Pagano,et al.  Nonlinear control of dc-dc bidirectional converters in stand-alone dc Microgrids , 2012, 2012 IEEE 51st IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC).

[10]  C.K. Tse,et al.  Implementation of pulse-width-modulation based sliding mode controller for boost converters , 2005, IEEE Power Electronics Letters.

[11]  Daniel J. Pagano,et al.  Sliding mode control of interconnected power electronic converters in DC microgrids , 2013, IECON 2013 - 39th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society.

[12]  B. R. Menezes,et al.  Analysis of switching frequency reduction methods applied to sliding mode controlled DC-DC converters , 1992, [Proceedings] APEC '92 Seventh Annual Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition.

[13]  Suresh Singh,et al.  On design of a robust controller to mitigate CPL effect — A DC micro-grid application , 2014, 2014 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT).

[14]  C.G. Hodge,et al.  DC power system stability , 2009, 2009 IEEE Electric Ship Technologies Symposium.

[15]  Junming Zhang,et al.  Stability Criterion for Cascaded System With Constant Power Load , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[16]  Yasser Abdel-Rady I. Mohamed,et al.  Linear Active Stabilization of Converter-Dominated DC Microgrids , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid.

[17]  Rong-Jong Wai,et al.  Design of Voltage Tracking Control for DC–DC Boost Converter Via Total Sliding-Mode Technique , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[18]  Hamdy A. Taha,et al.  Operations Research: An Introduction, 8/e , 2008 .

[19]  Marcelo L. Heldwein,et al.  Control of interconnected power electronic converters in dc distribution systems , 2011, XI Brazilian Power Electronics Conference.

[20]  Bijnan Bandyopadhyay,et al.  Non-linear sliding surface: towards high performance robust control , 2012 .

[21]  Said Oucheriah,et al.  PWM-Based Adaptive Sliding-Mode Control for Boost DC–DC Converters , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[22]  Babak Nahid-Mobarakeh,et al.  Dynamic Consideration of DC Microgrids With Constant Power Loads and Active Damping System—A Design Method for Fault-Tolerant Stabilizing System , 2014, IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics.

[23]  Keiji Konishi,et al.  Analysis of a dc bus system with a nonlinear constant power load and its delayed feedback control. , 2014, Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics.

[24]  Luis Martinez-Salamero,et al.  Start-Up Control and Voltage Regulation in a Boost Converter Under Sliding-Mode Operation , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[25]  Ali Emadi,et al.  Constant power loads and negative impedance instability in automotive systems: definition, modeling, stability, and control of power electronic converters and motor drives , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[26]  M. Belkhayat,et al.  Large signal stability criteria for distributed systems with constant power loads , 1995, Proceedings of PESC '95 - Power Electronics Specialist Conference.