Exhaustive testing, documentation, code review, and formal methods have been the main approaches for software certification in high confidence cyber-physical systems. Although these methods have been sufficient in the past, continued reliance on these methods is no longer economically feasible for increasingly complex modern, distributed, dynamic systems due to inherent problems of state-explosions. Examples of such distributed high-assurance systems include DoD systems (including secure, timely command, control and information sharing systems and for military logistics), systems for manufacturing and process control (for industries whose safety is of critical national importance such as transportation, chemical, oil and natural gas), and medical systems among others. We need to develop innovative, economically feasible means to certify distributed dynamic control software for cyber-physical systems so that when these systems are deployed, harmful unpredictable emergent behavior does not manifest itself.
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