Nonlinear FE Model for RC Shear Walls Based on Multi-Layer Shell Element and Micro-Plane Constitutive Model

Nonlinear simulations for structures under disasters have been widely focused in recent years. However, precise modeling for the nonlinear behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) shear walls, which are the major lateral-force-resistant structural member in high-rise buildings, still has not been successfully solved. In this paper, based on the principles of composite material mechanics, a multi-layer shell element model is proposed to simulate the coupled in-plane/out-plane bending or the coupled bending/shear nonlinear behaviors of RC shear wall. The multi-layer shell element is made up of many layers with different thickness. And different material models (concrete or steel) are assigned to various layers so that the structural performance of the shear wall can be directly connected with the material constitutive law. And besides the traditional elasto-plastic-fracture constitutive model for concrete, which is efficient but does not give satisfying performance for concrete under complicated stress condition, a novel concrete constitutive model, referred as micro-plane model, which is originally proposed by Bazant et al., is developed to provide a better simulation for concrete in shear wall under complicated stress conditions and stress histories. Three 10-story buildings under static push-over load and dynamic seismic load, with various shear wall arrangements, were analyzed with the shear wall model proposed in this study. The simulation results show that the multi-layer shell elements can correctly simulate the coupled in-plane/out-plane bending failure for tall walls and the coupled in-plane bending-shear failure for short walls. And with micro-plane concrete constitutive law, the cycle behavior and the damage accumulation of shear wall can be precisely modeled, which is very important for the performance-based design of structures under disaster loads.